Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology - Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 6A, Stockholm, Huddinge, 141 57, Sweden.
Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society - Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, Stockholm, Huddinge, 141 83, Sweden.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2022 Apr 20;19(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s12966-022-01289-x.
Knowledge on longitudinal patterns and related factors of young children's physical activity (PA) is still scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine patterns and changes of accelerometer-measured PA over time in two to six-year-old children. Furthermore, the aim was to investigate if parental PA, socioeconomic status, sex, weight status, and motor skills are related to child PA over time, using prospective cohort data from a clustered randomized controlled trial.
One hundred and six children (52% girls) and their parents had PA measured yearly from age two to six with an Actigraph GT3X. The actigraph was worn on the non-dominant wrist for one week; anthropometric data and motor skills, as well as background information, was collected simultaneously. The outcome was counts per minute from the vector magnitude, and linear mixed-effect models were used to answer the research questions.
Among the children, accelerometer-measured PA increased on average by 11% per year from two years of age (mean 3170 cpm (3007-3334 95% CI)) onwards to six years of age (mean 4369 cpm (4207-4533 95% CI)). From three years of age, children were more active on weekdays than on weekend days. The rate of difference varied across low, medium, and highly active children (based on tertiles). No significant differences in weekdays/weekend PA among the lowest active children was found. Despite this, they were still significantly less active on weekend days than the most active children. Maternal, but not paternal PA was found to be significantly positively related to child PA over time, with a medium to large effect size. But no significant relationships were found between child PA and sex, weight status, or socioeconomic status.
PA increased on average with 11% per year, similarly for boys and girls. From three years of age children were more active during weekdays than weekend days. These results indicate that child PA benefits from active stimulation by parents and care takers already from early ages. It is important to identify attributes of possible intervention designs for weekend days for families with young children as well as characterize the least active children.
Early STOPP was prospectively registered in the clinical trials registry: clinicaltrials.gov , ID NCT01198847.
关于幼儿体力活动（PA）的纵向模式和相关因素的知识仍然很少。因此，本研究的目的是检查 2 至 6 岁儿童在一段时间内通过加速度计测量的 PA 模式和变化。此外，本研究还旨在使用一项集群随机对照试验的前瞻性队列数据，调查父母 PA、社会经济地位、性别、体重状况和运动技能是否与儿童的 PA 随时间变化相关。
106 名儿童（52%为女孩）及其父母在 2 至 6 岁时每年使用 Actigraph GT3X 测量 PA。活动计佩戴在非优势手腕上一周；同时收集人体测量数据和运动技能以及背景信息。结果是向量幅度的每分钟计数，使用线性混合效应模型回答研究问题。
在儿童中，从 2 岁（平均 3170 次计数/分钟（3007-3334 95%CI））开始，加速度计测量的 PA 平均每年增加 11%，直到 6 岁（平均 4369 次计数/分钟（4207-4533 95%CI））。从 3 岁开始，儿童在工作日比周末更活跃。低、中、高活动组之间的差异率不同。在最低活动组中，工作日/周末 PA 没有显著差异。尽管如此，他们在周末仍然明显不如最活跃的孩子活跃。发现母亲而不是父亲的 PA 与儿童 PA 随时间的变化呈显著正相关，具有中到大的效应量。但是，儿童 PA 与性别、体重状况或社会经济地位之间没有发现显著关系。
PA 平均每年增加 11%，男孩和女孩的情况相同。从 3 岁开始，儿童在工作日比周末更活跃。这些结果表明，父母和照顾者的积极刺激使儿童 PA 受益，这从早期开始就很重要。确定针对有年幼子女的家庭的周末可能的干预设计的属性以及描述最不活跃的儿童的特征非常重要。
早期 STOPP 前瞻性注册于临床试验注册处：clinicaltrials.gov，ID NCT01198847。
