Nilsen Ada Kristine Ofrim, Anderssen Sigmund Alfred, Resaland Geir Kåre, Johannessen Kjersti, Ylvisaaker Einar, Aadland Eivind
Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sports, Food, and Natural sciences, Box 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway.
Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway.
Prev Med Rep. 2019 Feb 24;14:100837. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100837. eCollection 2019 Jun.
The preschool environment exerts an important influence on children's behaviour, including physical activity (PA). However, information is lacking regarding where and when most of children's PA is undertaken. This study aimed to describe PA and sedentary time (SED) during preschool hours and time out-of-care, and on weekdays and weekend days, and to investigate differences in PA patterns according to sex, age, and MVPA levels. From September 2015 to June 2016, we measured PA levels of 1109 children (age range, 2.7-6.5 years; mean age 4.7 years; boys, 52%) using ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers for up to 14 consecutive days. We applied a linear mixed model to analyse associations and interactions between total PA (counts per minute [cpm]), light PA (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), SED, sex, age, and overall MVPA regardless of setting, during preschool hours versus time out-of-care, and on weekdays versus weekend days. Children undertook more PA and less SED on weekdays compared to weekend days (p < 0.01). For boys, MVPA levels were higher during preschool hours than during time out-of-care (p < 0.05). Differences in total PA and MVPA between preschool hours versus time out-of-care, and between weekdays and weekend days, were greater in boys, older children, and highly active children than in girls, younger children, and children with lower overall MVPA levels (p < 0.01). The preschool arena is important for children's PA. Concerning MVPA, this study showed that boys, older children, and highly active children benefit more from this environment compared to girls, younger preschoolers, and children with lower MVPA levels.
学前环境对儿童的行为，包括身体活动（PA）有着重要影响。然而，关于儿童大部分身体活动在何时何地进行的信息却很匮乏。本研究旨在描述学前时段、不在托育机构期间、工作日和周末的身体活动及久坐时间（SED），并调查根据性别、年龄和中等至剧烈身体活动（MVPA）水平划分的身体活动模式差异。2015年9月至2016年6月，我们使用ActiGraph GT3X+加速度计连续14天测量了1109名儿童（年龄范围2.7 - 6.5岁；平均年龄4.7岁；男孩占52%）的身体活动水平。我们应用线性混合模型分析总身体活动（每分钟计数[cpm]）、轻度身体活动（LPA）、中等至剧烈身体活动（MVPA）、久坐时间、性别、年龄以及无论环境如何的总体MVPA之间的关联和相互作用，涉及学前时段与不在托育机构期间，以及工作日与周末。与周末相比，儿童在工作日进行的身体活动更多，久坐时间更少（p < 0.01）。对于男孩，学前时段的MVPA水平高于不在托育机构期间（p < 0.05）。学前时段与不在托育机构期间以及工作日与周末之间，男孩、年龄较大的儿童和身体活动高度活跃的儿童在总身体活动和MVPA上的差异，比女孩、年龄较小的儿童和总体MVPA水平较低的儿童更大（p < 0.01）。学前场所对儿童的身体活动很重要。关于MVPA，本研究表明，与女孩、年龄较小的学龄前儿童和MVPA水平较低的儿童相比，男孩、年龄较大的儿童和身体活动高度活跃的儿童从该环境中获益更多。
