Fatima Tauseef, Askri Zain Ul A, Shahid M Hasaan, Khan Anwar Z, Asif Suleman, Ghumman Ahsan R, Afzal Muhammad Farooq
Surgery, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, PAK.
Surgical Unit 1, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, PAK.
Cureus. 2022 Mar 16;14(3):e23212. doi: 10.7759/cureus.23212. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Objective The purpose of this study is to isolate the organisms which are developing resistance and to recognize the drugs against which resistance has emerged so that antibiotic policy can be formulated for the proper and effective use of antibiotics. Setting and design An observational study was conducted for a period of six months from July 1, 2021 and December 31, 2021 in LGH. Methods Statistics regarding the culture and sensitivity of the organisms isolated from different sources were collected from the surgery department. 195 cultural and sensitivity reports were analyzed for identification of genus/species of bacteria and sensitivity of the organism. Results Out of 195 culture reports, 124 showed significant growth of organisms exhibiting resistance to either single or multiple drugs. Escherichia and acinobactor was the most common organism isolated with a total of 30 each (24%, 24%), followed by pseudomonas 21 (17%), Klebsiella was 13 (10%), Proteus was 10 (8%), Methicillin-resistance Staph-aureus was seven (5%), Methicillin-sensitive Staph-aureus was five (4%), Staphylococcus epidermidis was four (3%), Providencia, Streptococci, Enterobacter species and Citrobacter species were one (1%). Maximum resistance was detected with frequently used first-line antimicrobials such as Ceftriaxone, ampicillin and Clavulanic acid. Least resistant were Azithromycin, Cefoxitin, Cefaclor among the gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Conclusion Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was more against frequently used antibiotics that are accessible for an extended duration. Variation of resistance and sensitivity pattern with time is identified. Periodic AMR monitoring and rotation of antibiotics are suggested to restrict further emergence of resistance.
目的 本研究的目的是分离出正在产生耐药性的微生物，并识别出已出现耐药性的药物，以便制定抗生素政策，合理有效地使用抗生素。
背景与设计 于2021年7月1日至2021年12月31日在拉合尔综合医院（LGH）进行了为期六个月的观察性研究。
方法 从外科收集不同来源分离出的微生物的培养和药敏统计数据。对195份培养和药敏报告进行分析，以鉴定细菌的属/种及微生物的药敏情况。
结果 在195份培养报告中，124份显示出微生物的显著生长，这些微生物对单一或多种药物表现出耐药性。大肠埃希菌和不动杆菌是最常见的分离出的微生物，各有30株（24%，24%），其次是铜绿假单胞菌21株（17%），克雷伯菌13株（10%），变形杆菌10株（8%），耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌7株（5%），甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌5株（4%），表皮葡萄球菌4株（3%），普罗威登斯菌、链球菌、肠杆菌属和柠檬酸杆菌属各1株（1%）。在常用的一线抗菌药物如头孢曲松、氨苄西林和克拉维酸中检测到的耐药性最高。在革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌中，阿奇霉素、头孢西丁、头孢克洛的耐药性最低。
结论 对抗生素的耐药性（AMR）更多地出现在可长期使用的常用抗生素上。已识别出耐药性和药敏模式随时间的变化。建议定期进行AMR监测并轮换使用抗生素，以限制耐药性的进一步出现。
