MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Apr 22;71(16):574-581. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7116e1.
On October 29, 2021, the Food and Drug Administration expanded the Emergency Use Authorization for Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine to children aged 5-11 years; CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' recommendation followed on November 2, 2021.* In late December 2021, the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) became the predominant strain in the United States, coinciding with a rapid increase in COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among all age groups, including children aged 5-11 years (1). COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) data were analyzed to describe characteristics of COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among 1,475 U.S. children aged 5-11 years throughout the pandemic, focusing on the period of early Omicron predominance (December 19, 2021-February 28, 2022). Among 397 children hospitalized during the Omicron-predominant period, 87% were unvaccinated, 30% had no underlying medical conditions, and 19% were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). The cumulative hospitalization rate during the Omicron-predominant period was 2.1 times as high among unvaccinated children (19.1 per 100,000 population) as among vaccinated children (9.2).** Non-Hispanic Black (Black) children accounted for the largest proportion of unvaccinated children (34%) and represented approximately one third of COVID-19-associated hospitalizations in this age group. Children with diabetes and obesity were more likely to experience severe COVID-19. The potential for serious illness among children aged 5-11 years, including those with no underlying health conditions, highlights the importance of vaccination among this age group. Increasing vaccination coverage among children, particularly among racial and ethnic minority groups disproportionately affected by COVID-19, is critical to preventing COVID-19-associated hospitalization and severe outcomes.
2021 年 10 月 29 日，食品和药物管理局扩大了辉瑞-生物技术公司 COVID-19 疫苗的紧急使用授权范围，适用于 5-11 岁儿童；疾病控制与预防中心免疫实践咨询委员会的建议于 2021 年 11 月 2 日跟进。*2021 年 12 月底，SARS-CoV-2（导致 COVID-19 的病毒）的 B.1.1.529（奥密克戎）变体成为美国的主要菌株，恰逢包括 5-11 岁儿童在内的所有年龄段 COVID-19 相关住院人数的快速增加（1）。COVID-19 相关住院监测网络（COVID-NET）数据用于描述整个大流行期间美国 1475 名 5-11 岁儿童 COVID-19 相关住院的特征，重点关注奥密克戎主导时期（2021 年 12 月 19 日至 2022 年 2 月 28 日）。在奥密克戎主导时期住院的 397 名儿童中，87%未接种疫苗，30%无潜在疾病，19%入住重症监护病房（ICU）。在奥密克戎主导时期，未接种疫苗儿童的累计住院率（每 10 万人 19.1 例）是接种疫苗儿童的 2.1 倍（每 10 万人 9.2 例）**。非西班牙裔黑人（黑人）儿童占未接种疫苗儿童的比例最大（34%），占该年龄段 COVID-19 相关住院人数的近三分之一。患有糖尿病和肥胖症的儿童更有可能经历严重的 COVID-19。包括无潜在健康状况的儿童在内，5-11 岁儿童有严重疾病的可能性突出了该年龄段接种疫苗的重要性。增加儿童，特别是受 COVID-19 影响不成比例的种族和族裔少数群体的疫苗接种覆盖率，对于预防 COVID-19 相关住院和严重后果至关重要。
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