Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2022 Apr 21;17(4):e0267425. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267425. eCollection 2022.
Vitreoretinal diseases are common causes of ocular morbidities and blindness. Data on the spectrum of vitreoretinal diseases needs to be studied and known in order to establish appropriate vitreoretinal care setups. The aim of this study was to determine the patterns of vitreoretinal diseases among patients who visited the vitreoretina clinic of University of Gondar Tertiary Eye Care and Training Center, NW Ethiopia (UoG-TECTC).
A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted from October/2017-September/2018. All patients who visited the vitreoretinal clinic for the first time during the study period were studied. Data were collected with standardized data extraction format entered into SPSS statistical package Version 20 and analyzed.
A total of 739 new patients who visited the vitreoretinal clinic were included in the study. The mean age was 50.26 +/- 19 years. The age group between 21-60 years accounted for 59.7% of study patients. Male's accounted for 63.1% and 58.7% of the participants were from urban areas. Bilateral disease was diagnosed in 504 (68.2%) of patients and 220 (29.7%) were bilaterally blind at presentation. Three hundred eighty nine (52.6%) of them had duration of illness six months and above. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and Rhegmatoginous Retinal Detachment (RRD) were the top three retinal diseases accounting for 21.3%(196), 17.3% (128) and 12.4% (92) of diagnoses respectively. Systemic comorbidities were found in 44% (325) of the patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidemia being the commonest, occurring in 27.8%, 6.3% and 2.8% of study patients respectively. Cataract was the commonest ocular comorbidity seen in 33.5% of study participants.
Vitreoretinal diseases affected a significant number of patients presented to our center and most of the study patients presented late with significant vision loss and blindness. Males were affected more than females and the age group between 21-60 years accounted nearly two-third of study patients. This is the working age group suffering from vision loss from vitreoretinal diseases. DR, AMD and RRD were the commonest retinal pathologies accounting for nearly half of the vitreoretinal diseases and these conditions are treatable either surgically or medically. However, available facilities for the management of these diseases are not adequate at the center. Strengthening the vitreoretinal services of UoG-TECTC with relevant equipment is recommended.
玻璃体视网膜疾病是眼部疾病和失明的常见原因。为了建立适当的玻璃体视网膜护理机构，需要研究和了解玻璃体视网膜疾病的范围。本研究的目的是确定在埃塞俄比亚西北部贡德尔大学三级眼科保健和培训中心（UoG-TECTC）玻璃体视网膜诊所就诊的患者中玻璃体视网膜疾病的模式。
这是一项 2017 年 10 月至 2018 年 9 月进行的基于医院的横断面研究。研究期间首次到玻璃体视网膜诊所就诊的所有患者均被纳入研究。使用标准化数据提取格式将数据录入 SPSS 统计软件包 20 版进行分析。
共纳入 739 例新的玻璃体视网膜诊所就诊患者。平均年龄为 50.26 ± 19 岁。年龄在 21-60 岁之间的患者占研究患者的 59.7%。男性占 63.1%，参与者中有 58.7%来自城市地区。504 例（68.2%）患者诊断为双侧疾病，220 例（29.7%）患者就诊时双侧失明。其中 389 例（52.6%）患者的病程为 6 个月及以上。糖尿病性视网膜病变（DR）、年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）和孔源性视网膜脱离（RRD）是前三种视网膜疾病，分别占诊断的 21.3%（196）、17.3%（128）和 12.4%（92）。44%（325）的患者存在系统性合并症，最常见的是糖尿病、高血压和高血脂，分别发生在 27.8%、6.3%和 2.8%的研究患者中。白内障是研究参与者中最常见的眼部合并症，占 33.5%。
玻璃体视网膜疾病严重影响了我院就诊的大量患者，大多数患者就诊时已出现明显视力丧失和失明。男性比女性受影响更大，21-60 岁年龄组的患者占近三分之二。这是处于工作年龄的人群，因玻璃体视网膜疾病而丧失视力。DR、AMD 和 RRD 是最常见的视网膜病变，占玻璃体视网膜疾病的近一半，这些疾病可以通过手术或药物治疗。然而，中心现有的疾病管理设施并不充足。建议加强贡德尔大学三级眼科保健和培训中心的玻璃体视网膜服务，并配备相关设备。
