Cunha Bruna L C, Bahú Juliana O, Xavier Letícia F, Crivellin Sara, de Souza Samuel D A, Lodi Leandro, Jardini André L, Filho Rubens Maciel, Schiavon Maria I R B, Concha Viktor O Cárdenas, Severino Patricia, Souto Eliana B
School of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema 09913-030, São Paulo, Brazil.
School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-852, São Paulo, Brazil.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2022 Apr 7;9(4):164. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering9040164.
Lactide dimer is an important monomer produced from lactic acid dehydration, followed by the prepolymer depolymerization process, and subsequent purification. As lactic acid is a chiral molecule, lactide can exist in three isomeric forms: L-, D-, and -lactide. Due to its time-consuming synthesis and the need for strict temperature and pressure control, catalyst use, low selectivity, high energy cost, and racemization, the value of a high purity lactide has a high cost in the market; moreover, little is found in scientific articles about the monomer synthesis. Lactide use is mainly for the synthesis of high molar mass poly(lactic acid) (PLA), applied as bio-based material for medical applications (e.g., prostheses and membranes), drug delivery, and hydrogels, or combined with other polymers for applications in packaging. This review elucidates the configurations and conditions of syntheses mapped for lactide production, the main properties of each of the isomeric forms, its industrial production, as well as the main applications in the market.
丙交酯二聚体是由乳酸脱水，经过预聚物解聚过程以及后续纯化而产生的一种重要单体。由于乳酸是一种手性分子，丙交酯可以以三种异构体形式存在：L-丙交酯、D-丙交酯和内消旋丙交酯。由于其合成耗时，需要严格控制温度和压力，使用催化剂，选择性低，能源成本高以及外消旋化，高纯度丙交酯在市场上价值高昂；此外，关于该单体合成的科学文章很少。丙交酯主要用于合成高摩尔质量的聚乳酸（PLA），用作医疗应用（如假体和膜）、药物递送和水凝胶的生物基材料，或与其他聚合物结合用于包装应用。本综述阐明了丙交酯生产的合成构型和条件、每种异构体形式的主要性质、其工业生产以及市场上的主要应用。
