Vrba Pavel, Sucháčková Bartoňová Alena, Andres Miloš, Nedvěd Oldřich, Šimek Petr, Konvička Martin
Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
Insects. 2022 Apr 9;13(4):369. doi: 10.3390/insects13040369.
The cold hardiness of overwintering stages affects the distribution of temperate and cold-zone insects. Studies on , a species-rich cold-zone butterfly genus, detected unexpected diversity of cold hardiness traits. We expanded our investigation to eight Satyrinae species of seven genera. We assessed Autumn and Winter supercooling points (SCPs) and concentrations of putatively cryoprotective sugars and polyols via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. and survived freezing of body fluids; , and died prior to freezing; , and displayed a mixed response. SCP varied from -22 to -9 °C among species. Total sugar and polyol concentrations (TSPC) varied sixfold (2 to 12 μg × mg) and eightfold including the spp. results. SCP and TSPC did not correlate. Alpine spp. contained high trehalose, threitol, and erythritol; and contained high ribitol and trehalose; lowland species contained high saccharose, maltose, fructose, and sorbitol. SCP, TSPC, and glycerol concentrations were affected by phylogeny. Species of mountains or steppes tend to be freeze-avoidant, overwinter as young larvae, and contain high concentrations of trehalose, while those of mesic environments tend to be freeze-tolerant, overwinter as later instars, and rely on compounds such as maltose, saccharose, and fructose.
越冬阶段的耐寒性影响着温带和寒带昆虫的分布。对一个物种丰富的寒带蝴蝶属的研究发现了耐寒性状的意外多样性。我们将调查范围扩大到七个属的八种眼蝶亚科物种。我们通过气相色谱 - 质谱法评估了秋季和冬季的过冷却点（SCPs）以及假定的 cryoprotective 糖类和多元醇的浓度。[此处可能有物种名称缺失]和[此处可能有物种名称缺失]在体液冻结后存活；[此处可能有物种名称缺失]、[此处可能有物种名称缺失]和[此处可能有物种名称缺失]在冻结前死亡；[此处可能有物种名称缺失]、[此处可能有物种名称缺失]和[此处可能有物种名称缺失]表现出混合反应。物种间的 SCP 从 -22 到 -9°C 不等。总糖和多元醇浓度（TSPC）变化了六倍（2 至 12 μg×mg），包括[此处可能有物种名称缺失]属物种的结果则变化了八倍。SCP 和 TSPC 没有相关性。高山[此处可能有物种名称缺失]属物种含有高浓度的海藻糖、苏糖醇和赤藓糖醇；[此处可能有物种名称缺失]和[此处可能有物种名称缺失]含有高浓度的核糖醇和海藻糖；低地物种含有高浓度的蔗糖、麦芽糖、果糖和山梨醇。SCP、TSPC 和甘油浓度受系统发育的影响。山区或草原的物种倾向于避免冻结，以幼虫幼龄期越冬，并且含有高浓度的海藻糖，而中生环境的物种倾向于耐冻，以老龄幼虫越冬，并依赖于麦芽糖、蔗糖和果糖等化合物。
