Ulrich Sebastian, Lang Katharina, Niessen Ludwig, Baschien Christiane, Kosicki Robert, Twarużek Magdalena, Straubinger Reinhard K, Ebel Frank
Chair of Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinaerstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
Chair of Microbiology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany.
J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Mar 24;8(4):340. doi: 10.3390/jof8040340.
is frequently isolated from damp building materials or improperly stored animal forage. Human and animal exposure to the secondary metabolites of this mold is linked to severe health effects. The mutually exclusive production of either satratoxins or atranones defines the chemotypes A and S. Based upon the genes (satratoxin cluster, SC1-3, or atranone cluster, AC1, ) that are supposed to be essential for satratoxin and atranone production, can furthermore be divided into three genotypes: the S-type possessing all - but no -genes, the A-type lacking the - but harboring all -genes, and the H-type having only certain and all genes. We analyzed the above-mentioned gene clusters and their flanking regions to shed light on the evolutionary relationship. Furthermore, we performed a deep re-sequencing and LC-MS/MS (Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis. We propose a first model for the evolution of the genotypes. We assume that genotype H represents the most ancient form. A loss of the AC1 and the concomitant acquisition of the SC2 led to the emergence of the genotype S. According to our model, the genotype H also developed towards genotype A, a process that was accompanied by a loss of SC1 and SC3.
它经常从潮湿的建筑材料或储存不当的动物饲料中分离出来。人类和动物接触这种霉菌的次生代谢产物与严重的健康影响有关。产生沙曲毒素或阿托醌的相互排斥现象定义了化学型A和S。基于假定对沙曲毒素和阿托醌产生必不可少的基因（沙曲毒素基因簇，SC1 - 3，或阿托醌基因簇，AC1），它还可进一步分为三种基因型：S型拥有所有但不包括某些基因，A型缺乏某些但含有所有其他基因，H型仅具有某些特定基因和所有其他基因。我们分析了上述基因簇及其侧翼区域，以阐明进化关系。此外，我们进行了深度重测序和液相色谱 - 质谱联用（LC - MS/MS）分析。我们提出了第一个关于该基因型进化的模型。我们假设基因型H代表最古老的形式。AC1的缺失以及SC2的同时获得导致了基因型S的出现。根据我们的模型，基因型H也朝着基因型A发展，这一过程伴随着SC1和SC3的缺失。
