Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.
Toxins (Basel). 2020 Jun 23;12(6):417. doi: 10.3390/toxins12060417.
Macrocyclic trichothecenes are an important group of trichothecenes bearing a large ring. Despite the fact that many of trichothecenes are of concern in agriculture, food contamination, health care and building protection, the macrocyclic ones are becoming the research hotspot because of their diversity in structure and biologic activity. Several researchers have declared that macrocyclic trichothecenes have great potential to be developed as antitumor agents, due to the plenty of their compounds and bioactivities. In this review we summarize the newly discovered macrocyclic trichothecenes and their bioactivities over the last decade, as well as identifications of genes and involved in the trichothecene biosynthesis and putative biosynthetic pathway. According to the search results in database and phylogenetic trees generated in the review, the species of the genera and would probably be great sources for producing macrocyclic trichothecenes. Moreover, we propose that the macrocyclic trichothecene roridin E could be formed via acylation or esterification of the long side chain linked with C-4 to the hydroxyl group at C-15, and vice versa. More assays and evidences are needed to support this hypothesis, which would promote the verification of the proposed pathway.
大环多杀菌素是一类重要的多杀菌素，具有大环结构。尽管许多多杀菌素有农业、食品污染、医疗保健和建筑保护方面的关注，但由于其结构和生物活性的多样性，大环多杀菌素正成为研究热点。一些研究人员声称，由于其化合物种类繁多且具有生物活性，大环多杀菌素具有很大的潜力可以开发成为抗肿瘤药物。在这篇综述中，我们总结了过去十年中发现的新大环多杀菌素及其生物活性，以及参与多杀菌素生物合成的基因和假定生物合成途径的鉴定。根据数据库中的搜索结果和综述中生成的系统发育树，属和属的物种可能是产生大环多杀菌素的重要来源。此外，我们提出，roridin E 大环多杀菌素可能是通过与 C-4 相连的长侧链上的酰化或酯化作用形成的，与 C-15 上的羟基相连，反之亦然。需要更多的实验和证据来支持这一假设，这将有助于验证所提出的途径。
