Malhotra Ashim, Kreys Eugene, Feng Xiaodong
Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA.
Department of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA.
Pharmacy (Basel). 2022 Apr 9;10(2):44. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy10020044.
Ensuring an adequate preparation for undergraduate students transitioning to pharmacy school is challenging. A significant barrier is changing from a subordinate to a critical thinking mindset while self-identifying as a professional. Here, we aimed to (1) determine whether our prepharmacy program called “Professional Identity and Me” (PRIME) could enhance learners’ self-awareness of their professional identity and (2) compare the effectiveness of the in-person and online versions of PRIME. PRIME introduced prepharmacy students to aspects of pharmacists’ professional identity including community, hospital, and interprofessional work, as well as mental health, wellness, and time and stress management skills, Top-200 drugs, prerequisite foundational sciences, and calculations. Concepts of professionalism, graduate writing, and ownership were also presented. Bridging exercises were introduced to exemplify application. We used a mixed-methods approach to assess the outcomes. The average performance in knowledge-based assessments increased before and after the PRIME program from 53.8 to 74.6% and from 47.7 to 75.9%, while the difference in the test scores was statistically significant, with a 21% increase (p < 0.001, 95% CI 15−26%) and a 28% improvement (p < 0.001, 95% CI 23−34%) for face-to-face versus virtual PRIME. The results of a student perception survey revealed PRIME was equally effective as a virtual program during the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting transferability to other pharmacy programs.
确保本科学生顺利过渡到药学院并做好充分准备具有挑战性。一个重大障碍是,在自我认同为专业人士的同时,要从从属思维转变为批判性思维。在此,我们旨在:(1)确定我们名为“专业身份与我”(PRIME)的药学预科项目是否能增强学习者对其专业身份的自我认知;(2)比较PRIME面对面授课版和在线授课版的效果。PRIME向药学预科学生介绍了药剂师专业身份的各个方面,包括社区、医院和跨专业工作,以及心理健康、健康管理、时间和压力管理技能、前200种药物、必备基础科学知识和计算方法。还介绍了专业精神、研究生写作和自主意识等概念。引入了衔接练习以举例说明应用。我们采用混合方法评估结果。在PRIME项目前后,基于知识的评估中的平均成绩从53.8%提高到74.6%,从47.7%提高到75.9%,而测试分数的差异具有统计学意义,面对面授课的PRIME提高了21%(p < 0.001,95% CI 15−26%),虚拟授课的PRIME提高了28%(p < 0.001,95% CI 23−34%)。学生感知调查结果显示,在新冠疫情期间,PRIME虚拟项目同样有效,这表明该项目可移植到其他药学项目中。