Scavo Aurelio, Pandino Gaetano, Restuccia Alessia, Caruso Paolo, Lombardo Sara, Mauromicale Giovanni
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Apr 8;11(8):1021. doi: 10.3390/plants11081021.
Durum wheat is one of the largest cultivated crops across Mediterranean areas. The high demand for sustainable crop productions, especially concerning weed management, is driving the return to local landraces. In the present work, the in vitro allelopathic effects of the extracts of three durum wheat landraces ('Timilia', 'Russello' and 'Perciasacchi') and a modern variety ('Mongibello'), obtained from three different plant parts (ears, stems and roots), were tested on seed germination (G) and mean germination time (MGT) of L. and (L.) Vill., two weeds commonly infesting wheat fields. In addition, the total polyphenol (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) content of extracts was determined. All extracts reduced G and increased MGT in both weeds compared to the control. The magnitude of phytotoxicity was strongly affected by the influence of genotype, plant part and extract dilution. Overall, the landraces 'Timilia' and 'Russello' showed the highest allelopathic effects, ear extracts were the most active, and the maximum extract dilution induced higher phytotoxicity. Extracts' TPC and TFC corroborated these results. The findings obtained here encourage the use of local landraces as a source of allelochemicals and suggest that they could be left on soil surface or soil-incorporated after harvest for a possible weed control.
硬粒小麦是地中海地区种植面积最大的作物之一。对可持续作物生产的高需求，尤其是在杂草管理方面，促使人们重新关注当地的地方品种。在本研究中，从三个不同植物部位（穗、茎和根）获得的三个硬粒小麦地方品种（“Timilia”、“Russello”和“Perciasacchi”）和一个现代品种（“Mongibello”）的提取物对两种常见于麦田的杂草——野燕麦和意大利黑麦草的种子萌发（G）和平均萌发时间（MGT）的体外化感作用进行了测试。此外，还测定了提取物中的总多酚（TPC）和总黄酮（TFC）含量。与对照相比，所有提取物均降低了两种杂草的G并增加了MGT。植物毒性的程度受到基因型、植物部位和提取物稀释度的强烈影响。总体而言，地方品种“Timilia”和“Russello”表现出最高的化感作用，穗提取物活性最强，最大提取物稀释度诱导出更高的植物毒性。提取物的TPC和TFC证实了这些结果。此处获得的研究结果鼓励将当地地方品种用作化感物质的来源，并表明它们可以在收获后留在土壤表面或混入土壤中以进行可能的杂草控制。
