González-García Eva, Sánchez-Moreiras Adela M, Vieites-Álvarez Yedra
Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, Vigo, 36310, Spain.
Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), Campus Auga, Ourense, 32004, Spain.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 May 13;25(1):624. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06634-3.
Weeds cause low crop productivity and increasing costs, and therefore, different solutions, such as manual weeding or synthetic herbicides, have been suggested to solve this problem. These methods involve high efforts and costs, in addition to being harmful to the environment in the case of herbicides, which also result in increasing resistance mechanisms in weeds. Therefore, this work addresses the use of in vivo allelopathic crops to control surrounding weeds. To carry out the experiments, co-cultivation of wheat, rice and barley with the monocot weed annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) and the dicot weed common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) was conducted without physical contact among crop and weed plants. Germination and growth parameters of weeds, and growth parameters and chemical profile of crops, were analysed after the end of the experiment.
The three crops tested caused inhibitory effects on the two target weeds, and significant concentrations of benzoxazinoids were found in the plant tissues and/or root exudates of the different crops in response to the presence of weeds. All the crops showed different responses to the treatments. While the growth of rice was stimulated, barley was not affected, and wheat growth experienced inhibition due to the presence of weeds.
This study demonstrates the capacity of wheat, rice and barley to inhibit both growth and germination of L. rigidum and P. oleracea. The effects observed could be due to the accumulation and/or exudation of benzoxazinoids such as DIMBOA, DIBOA, BOA or HBOA. Barley and rice are able to sustainably manage both target weeds without disrupting their development, while growth of wheat was affected by the presence of weeds. Based on our results, rice would be the most promising crop, since it has the ability to control weeds, while stimulating the development of rice plants. Nevertheless, more research should be carried out to fully confirm this fact, especially under non-controlled conditions.
杂草会导致作物产量降低和成本增加，因此，人们提出了不同的解决方案，如人工除草或使用合成除草剂来解决这个问题。这些方法不仅需要付出巨大的努力和成本，而且除草剂还会对环境造成危害，这也导致杂草的抗药性机制不断增加。因此，这项工作致力于利用具有化感作用的活体作物来控制周围的杂草。为了进行实验，将小麦、水稻和大麦与单子叶杂草一年生黑麦草（Lolium rigidum Gaud.）和双子叶杂草马齿苋（Portulaca oleracea L.）进行共培养，作物和杂草植株之间不进行物理接触。实验结束后，分析了杂草的发芽和生长参数，以及作物的生长参数和化学特征。
所测试的三种作物对两种目标杂草均产生了抑制作用，并且在不同作物的植物组织和/或根系分泌物中发现了显著浓度的苯并恶嗪类化合物，以应对杂草的存在。所有作物对处理均表现出不同的反应。虽然水稻的生长受到刺激，但大麦未受影响，而小麦的生长因杂草的存在而受到抑制。
本研究证明了小麦、水稻和大麦抑制黑麦草和马齿苋生长和发芽的能力。观察到的效果可能是由于苯并恶嗪类化合物如3 - 二甲基苯并恶嗪酮（DIMBOA）、3 - 二羟基苯并恶嗪酮（DIBOA）、苯并恶嗪酮（BOA）或6 - 羟基苯并恶嗪酮（HBOA）的积累和/或分泌。大麦和水稻能够可持续地管理两种目标杂草而不干扰它们的生长，而小麦的生长受到杂草存在的影响。基于我们的结果，水稻将是最有前景的作物，因为它有控制杂草的能力，同时还能促进水稻植株的生长。然而，需要进行更多的研究来充分证实这一事实，特别是在非控制条件下。
