Ahmad Rizwan, Alqathama Aljawharah, Aldholmi Mohammed, Riaz Muhammad, Abdalla Ashraf N, Mostafa Ahmed, Al-Said Hamdi M, Alqarni Abdulmalik M, Ullah Riaz, Asgher Sami S, Amir Mohd, Shaaban Heba, Ahmad Wasim
Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Apr 9;11(8):1022. doi: 10.3390/plants11081022.
This study evaluates the quality variation for twenty-seven capsicum fruit (CF) samples, in terms of their volatile oil composition and biological activities. The GCMS analysis revealed the presence of seventy one chemical compounds from different chemical classes with an average (%) composition of: 26.13 (alcohols) > 18.82 (hydrocarbons) > 14.97 (esters) > 3.08 (ketones) > 1.14 (others) > 1.07 (acids) > 0.72 (sugar) > 0.42 (aldehydes) > 0.15 (amino compounds). Alcohols and hydrocarbons were the most abundant in these CF samples with 1-Decanol, 2-octyl- and docosanoic acid, docosyl ester as the major components, respectively. The % inhibition in cytotoxicity assays was observed in the range of 9−47 (MCF7) and 4−41 (HCT116) whereas, the zone of inhibition (mm) for the antimicrobial activity was found to be 0.0−17 (P. aeruginosa) > 0.0−13 (E. coli and S. aureus). Moreover, the samples with the largest zone of inhibition in the agar-well-diffusion method (C16, C19, and C26) upon further evaluation presented the least MIC and MBC values against P. aeruginosa with an MIC and MBC (µg/mL) of 6.3 and 12.5, respectively. The outcome for GCMS and biological activities were further supported by statistical tools of PCA and K-mean cluster analysis which confirmed the C16 CF sample with the best activity followed by C5, C13 (the best cytotoxic), and C19, C26 (the best antimicrobial). The statistical analysis exhibited a high Chi-square value of 5931.68 (GCMS) and 32.19 (biological activities) with p = 0.00 for KMO and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity. The 27-CF samples were effectively distinguished based on quality variation, and the C16 CF sample exhibited significant potential for further study.
本研究从挥发油成分和生物活性方面评估了27个辣椒果实（CF）样品的质量差异。气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GCMS）分析显示存在71种来自不同化学类别的化合物，其平均（%）组成为：26.13（醇类）> 18.82（烃类）> 14.97（酯类）> 3.08（酮类）> 1.14（其他）> 1.07（酸类）> 0.72（糖类）> 0.42（醛类）> 0.15（氨基化合物）。醇类和烃类在这些CF样品中含量最高，其中1 - 癸醇、2 - 辛基和二十二烷酸二十二烷基酯分别为主要成分。细胞毒性试验中的抑制率（%）在9 - 47（MCF7）和4 - 41（HCT116）范围内，而抗菌活性的抑菌圈（mm）为0.0 - 17（铜绿假单胞菌）> 0.0 - 13（大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌）。此外，在琼脂孔扩散法中抑菌圈最大的样品（C16、C19和C26）经进一步评估后，对铜绿假单胞菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）值最低，MIC和MBC（μg/mL）分别为6.3和12.5。主成分分析（PCA）和K - 均值聚类分析的统计工具进一步支持了GCMS和生物活性的结果，证实C16 CF样品活性最佳，其次是C5、C13（细胞毒性最佳）以及C19、C26（抗菌最佳）。统计分析显示，Kaiser - Meyer - Olkin（KMO）和Bartlett球形检验的卡方值很高，分别为5931.68（GCMS）和32.19（生物活性），p = 0.00。基于质量差异有效区分了27个CF样品，C16 CF样品具有显著的进一步研究潜力。
