Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), ZIK Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, Greifswald, Germany.
Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Brazil.
Part Fibre Toxicol. 2022 Apr 21;19(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s12989-022-00473-y.
The ubiquitous nature of micro- (MP) and nanoplastics (NP) is a growing environmental concern. However, their potential impact on human health remains unknown. Research increasingly focused on using rodent models to understand the effects of exposure to individual plastic polymers. In vivo data showed critical exposure effects depending on particle size, polymer, shape, charge, concentration, and exposure routes. Those effects included local inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic disruption, leading to gastrointestinal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, reproduction disorders, and neurotoxic effects. This review distillates the current knowledge regarding rodent models exposed to MP and NP with different experimental designs assessing biodistribution, bioaccumulation, and biological responses. Rodents exposed to MP and NP showed particle accumulation in several tissues. Critical responses included local inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to microbiota dysbiosis, metabolic, hepatic, and reproductive disorders, and diseases exacerbation. Most studies used MP and NP commercially provided and doses higher than found in environmental exposure. Hence, standardized sampling techniques and improved characterization of environmental MP and NP are needed and may help in toxicity assessments of relevant particle mixtures, filling knowledge gaps in the literature.
微塑料（MP）和纳米塑料（NP）无处不在，这是一个日益严重的环境问题。然而，它们对人类健康的潜在影响尚不清楚。研究越来越关注使用啮齿动物模型来了解暴露于单一塑料聚合物的影响。体内数据表明，颗粒大小、聚合物、形状、电荷、浓度和暴露途径等因素都会产生关键的暴露效应。这些效应包括局部炎症、氧化应激和代谢紊乱，导致胃肠道毒性、肝毒性、生殖障碍和神经毒性。本综述总结了目前关于使用不同实验设计的啮齿动物模型暴露于 MP 和 NP 的知识，评估生物分布、生物累积和生物反应。暴露于 MP 和 NP 的啮齿动物在几种组织中出现颗粒积累。关键反应包括局部炎症和氧化应激，导致微生物群落失调、代谢、肝和生殖障碍以及疾病恶化。大多数研究使用商业提供的 MP 和 NP 以及高于环境暴露水平的剂量。因此，需要标准化的采样技术和对环境 MP 和 NP 的改进表征，以帮助评估相关颗粒混合物的毒性，填补文献中的知识空白。
