Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA.
The Trust for Public Land, Washington DC, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2022 Apr 21;22(1):800. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13148-2.
BACKGROUND: Time spent outdoors and in nature has been associated with numerous benefits to health and well-being. We examined relationships between park access and mental health for children and parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also explored associations between park access and co-participation of parent and child in time outdoors, and child and parent physical activity. METHODS: We used data from 1,000 respondents to a nationally representative U.S. survey of parent-child dyads during October-November 2020. Park access was defined as an affirmative response to: "do you have a park that you can safely walk to within 10 min of your home?" Child mental health was operationalized as the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) total difficulties score. The Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) total score assessed parent mental health and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) assessed parent physical activity. Child physical activity and co-participation in outdoor activity were reported as number of days in the prior week. Linear regression was used to examine relationships between park access and health outcomes in models adjusted for child and parent characteristics and COVID-19 impact. RESULTS: Our sample included 500 parents of children ages 6-10 years, and 500 parent-child dyads of children ages 11-17 years. Park access was associated with a lower SDQ total score among children (β: -1.26, 95% CI: -2.25, -0.27) and a lower PHQ-4 total score among parents (β: -0.89, 95% CI: -1.39, -0.40). In models stratified by child age, these associations were observed for SDQ scores among adolescents ages 11-17 and for PHQ-4 scores among parents of children ages 6-10 years. Park access was also associated with 0.50 more days/week of co-participation in outdoor time (95% CI: 0.16, 0.84), and higher levels of parent physical activity (β: 1009 MET-min/week, 95% CI: 301, 1717), but not child physical activity (β: 0.31 days/week, 95% CI: -0.03, 0.66). CONCLUSIONS: Park access was associated with better mental health among children and parents, and more parent physical activity and parent-child co-participation in outdooractivity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Access to nearby parks may be an important resource to promote health and well-being, for both individuals and families.
背景：在户外和大自然中度过的时间与许多健康和幸福感益处相关。我们研究了 COVID-19 大流行期间儿童和父母的公园可达性与心理健康之间的关系。我们还探讨了公园可达性与父母和孩子共同参与户外活动时间以及儿童和父母身体活动之间的关联。
方法：我们使用了 2020 年 10 月至 11 月期间对全美父母-子女对子进行的一项具有代表性的调查中 1000 名受访者的数据。公园可达性的定义是对以下问题的肯定回答：“您家附近是否有一个您可以在 10 分钟内安全步行到达的公园？”儿童心理健康采用困难问卷（SDQ）总困难分数来衡量。患者健康问卷-4（PHQ-4）总分评估了父母的心理健康，国际体力活动问卷（IPAQ）评估了父母的体力活动。儿童身体活动和户外活动的共同参与情况以前一周的天数报告。线性回归用于在调整儿童和父母特征以及 COVID-19 影响的模型中，检验公园可达性与健康结果之间的关系。
结果：我们的样本包括 500 名 6-10 岁儿童的父母，以及 500 名 11-17 岁儿童的父母-子女对子。公园可达性与儿童的 SDQ 总分较低（β：-1.26，95%CI：-2.25，-0.27）和父母的 PHQ-4 总分较低有关（β：-0.89，95%CI：-1.39，-0.40）。在按儿童年龄分层的模型中，这些关联在 11-17 岁青少年的 SDQ 评分和 6-10 岁儿童的 PHQ-4 评分中均观察到。公园可达性还与共同参与户外活动的时间每周增加 0.50 天（95%CI：0.16，0.84）以及父母的体力活动水平更高（β：1009 MET-min/周，95%CI：301，1717）有关，但与儿童的体力活动水平无关（β：0.31 天/周，95%CI：-0.03，0.66）。
结论：公园可达性与儿童和父母的心理健康状况更好有关，并且在 COVID-19 大流行期间，父母与子女在户外活动中的共同参与度更高，父母的体力活动也更多。获得附近的公园可能是促进个人和家庭健康和幸福感的重要资源。
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