Samuelsson Karl, Barthel Stephan, Giusti Matteo, Hartig Terry
Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences, University of Gävle, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden.
Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden.
Landsc Urban Plan. 2021 Oct;214:104176. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104176. Epub 2021 Jul 2.
The coronavirus pandemic entailed varying restrictions on access, movement and social behavior in populations around the world. Knowledge about how people coped with "soft-touch" restrictions can inform urban spatial planning strategies that enhance resilience against future pandemics. We analyzed data from an online place-based survey on 2845 places across Sweden that respondents abstained from visiting, visited with similar frequency, or visited more frequently in spring 2020 as compared to before the pandemic. In spatial logistic regression models, we relate geographical and sociodemographic properties of places (fields, forests, water, residential population density and daytime population density) to self-perceived changes in wellbeing from visiting the given place less or more often, respectively. Abstaining from visiting places with natural features located in areas of high residential density was associated with a self-perceived negative influence on wellbeing. Yet, fields, forests and water were strongly associated with places people claimed wellbeing benefits from during pandemic restrictions. The further a visited place was from the respondent's home, the more likely it was to have a positive wellbeing influence. As an illustrative case, we map our models onto the landscape of Stockholm, showing that some neighborhoods are likely more resilient than others when coping with pandemic restrictions. Both the most and least resilient neighborhoods span the socio-economic spectrum. Urban planning will do well to enable equitable, easy access to natural settings by foot or bike, to increase pandemic preparedness as well as support climate change mitigation and biodiversity protection.
新冠疫情在全球范围内对人们的出行、活动和社交行为施加了不同程度的限制。了解人们如何应对这些“温和的”限制措施，有助于为城市空间规划策略提供参考，以增强应对未来疫情的韧性。我们分析了一项基于地点的在线调查数据，该调查涵盖了瑞典的2845个地点，受访者报告了他们在2020年春季与疫情前相比不再前往、前往频率不变或前往频率增加的地点。在空间逻辑回归模型中，我们将地点的地理和社会人口特征（农田、森林、水域、居住人口密度和白天人口密度）分别与因前往特定地点的频率降低或增加而自我感知到的幸福感变化联系起来。不再前往高居住密度地区的自然景观地点与自我感知的幸福感负面影响相关。然而，农田、森林和水域与人们在疫情限制期间声称从中受益的地点密切相关。被访问地点距离受访者的家越远，其对幸福感产生积极影响的可能性就越大。作为一个示例，我们将模型映射到斯德哥尔摩的景观上，结果表明在应对疫情限制时，一些社区可能比其他社区更具韧性。最具韧性和最缺乏韧性的社区都跨越了社会经济范围。城市规划应确保人们能够公平、便捷地步行或骑自行车前往自然环境，以提高应对疫情的准备能力，并支持缓解气候变化和保护生物多样性。
