MacPherson Megan M, Merry Kohle J, Locke Sean R, Jung Mary E
School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada.
School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Mhealth. 2022 Apr 20;8:20. doi: 10.21037/mhealth-21-22. eCollection 2022.
Mobile health (mHealth) prompts (e.g., text messaging, push notifications) are a commonly used technique within behaviour change interventions to prompt or cue a specific behaviour. Such prompts are being increasingly integrated into diabetes prevention programs (DPPs). While mHealth prompts provide a convenient and cost-effective way to reinforce behaviour change, no reviews to date have examined mHealth prompt use within DPPs. This scoping review aims to: (I) understand how mHealth prompts are being used within behaviour change interventions for individuals at risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D); and (II) provide recommendations for future mHealth prompt research, design, and application.
The scoping review methodology outlined by Arksey and O'Malley were followed. Medline, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and SportDiscus were searched. The search strategy combined keywords relating to T2D risk and mHealth prompts in conjunction with database-controlled vocabulary when available (e.g., MeSH for Medline).
Of the 4,325 publications screened, 44 publications (based on 33 studies) met the inclusion criteria and were included for data extraction. Text messaging was the most widely used mHealth prompt (73%) followed by push notifications (21%). Only 30% of studies discussed the theoretical basis for prompt content and time of day messages were sent, and only 27% provided justification for prompt timing and frequency. Fourteen studies assessed participant satisfaction with mHealth prompts of which only two reported dissatisfaction due to either prompting frequency (hourly) or message content (solely focused on weight). Nine studies assessed behavioural outcomes including weight loss, physical activity, and diabetes incidence, and found mixed effects overall.
While mHealth prompts were well-received by participants, there are mixed effects on the influence of mHealth prompts on behavioural outcomes and diabetes incidence. More thorough reporting of prompt content development and delivery is needed, and more experimental research is needed to identify optimal content, delivery characteristics, and impact on behavioural and clinical outcomes.
移动健康（mHealth）提示（如短信、推送通知）是行为改变干预措施中常用的一种技术，用于促使或提示特定行为。此类提示正越来越多地融入糖尿病预防计划（DPPs）。虽然移动健康提示为强化行为改变提供了一种便捷且经济高效的方式，但迄今为止，尚无综述探讨在糖尿病预防计划中使用移动健康提示的情况。本范围综述旨在：（I）了解在针对有患2型糖尿病（T2D）风险个体的行为改变干预措施中如何使用移动健康提示；（II）为未来移动健康提示的研究、设计和应用提供建议。
遵循阿克西和奥马利概述的范围综述方法。检索了医学期刊数据库（Medline）、护理学与健康领域数据库（CINAHL）、心理学文摘数据库（PsycInfo）、科学引文索引数据库（Web of Science）和体育与运动科学数据库（SportDiscus）。检索策略结合了与2型糖尿病风险和移动健康提示相关的关键词，并在可行时结合数据库控制词汇（如医学期刊数据库的医学主题词）。
在筛选出의4325篇出版物中，44篇出版物（基于33项研究）符合纳入标准并被纳入数据提取。短信是使用最广泛的移动健康提示（73%），其次是推送通知（21%）。只有30%的研究讨论了提示内容的理论基础以及发送信息的时间，只有27%的研究为提示时间和频率提供了依据。十四项研究评估了参与者对移动健康提示的满意度，其中只有两项报告了因提示频率（每小时一次）或信息内容（仅关注体重）导致的不满。九项研究评估了行为结果，包括体重减轻、身体活动和糖尿病发病率，总体结果不一。
虽然移动健康提示受到参与者的欢迎，但移动健康提示对行为结果和糖尿病发病率的影响不一。需要更全面地报告提示内容的制定和传递情况，还需要更多的实验研究来确定最佳内容、传递特征以及对行为和临床结果的影响。
