Stürzebecher Paulina Elena, Schumann Friederike, Kassner Ursula, Laufs Ulrich
Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland.
Medizinische Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetes und Ernährungsmedizin - Arbeitsbereich Lipidstoffwechsel, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Deutschland.
Herz. 2022 Jun;47(3):204-211. doi: 10.1007/s00059-022-05114-w. Epub 2022 Apr 22.
Statins are among the best studied drugs. Due to the extensive evidence regarding efficacy and safety, they are the cornerstone of lipid-lowering therapy. While the tolerability of statins in large blinded studies is at the placebo level, so-called statin intolerance (SI) is a frequent and complex problem in everyday clinical practice. Statin-associated muscular pain (SAMS) is most commonly reported. In many cases SI is associated with inadequate lowering of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C), thereby increasing the cardiovascular risk. The diagnosis of SAMS is based on the exclusion of possible alternative causes of muscular symptoms and the exclusion of nocebo effects through a diagnostic strategy of discontinuation of statin treatment, observation and assessment of symptoms, followed by renewed administration of a different statin initially at a low dose with subsequent dose increase. A large proportion of patients with SI and SAMS can take statins permanently and without discomfort by this approach. If LDL‑C lowering is insufficient, combination therapies are used. It is an important task of the prescribing physicians and all those involved in the treatment to increase the adherence to statins through appropriate communication. Numerous questions on SI remain open and are being addressed by an ongoing register.
他汀类药物是研究最为充分的药物之一。鉴于有关其疗效和安全性的广泛证据,它们是降脂治疗的基石。虽然在大型盲法研究中他汀类药物的耐受性与安慰剂水平相当,但所谓的他汀不耐受(SI)在日常临床实践中却是一个常见且复杂的问题。他汀相关肌肉疼痛(SAMS)是最常报告的情况。在许多情况下,SI与低密度脂蛋白(LDL)胆固醇(LDL-C)降低不足有关,从而增加心血管风险。SAMS的诊断基于排除肌肉症状可能的其他原因,并通过停用他汀治疗、观察和评估症状,随后以低剂量重新使用不同他汀并随后增加剂量的诊断策略来排除反安慰剂效应。通过这种方法,很大一部分SI和SAMS患者可以长期服用他汀类药物且无不适。如果LDL-C降低不足,则采用联合治疗。通过适当沟通提高对他汀类药物的依从性是开处方的医生和所有参与治疗的人员的一项重要任务。关于SI的许多问题仍然悬而未决,一个正在进行的登记研究正在解决这些问题。