Moreno-Rojas José Manuel, Velasco-Ruiz Isabel, Lovera María, Ordoñez-Díaz José Luis, Ortiz-Somovilla Víctor, De Santiago Elsy, Arquero Octavio, Pereira-Caro Gema
Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality Area, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Technology, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Mar 22;11(4):609. doi: 10.3390/antiox11040609.
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is a nut with a good adaptability to the Mediterranean conditions of cultivation, specifically in the Andalusian region, becoming an emerging crop. Moreover, it has been getting attention in the past years for the great content of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. Although some studies have reported the polyphenolic profile of pistachios, most of them have analyzed the hull part, considered as a residue, and not the kernel which is the edible part. Therefore, characterization of eleven varieties of pistachios kernels cultivated in Andalusia and harvested in 2019 and 2020 was carried out by UHPLC-MS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry). The identification and quantification of 56 polyphenolic compounds was performed, being the hydroxybenzoic acids group the most abundant with a 71−86% of the total amount followed by flavan-3-ols group that accounted for 8−24%. Moreover, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid was the main compound in most of the varieties, followed by vanillic acid hexoside. Larnaka, Avdat, Aegina, and Mateur presented the highest amount of total polyphenols, while Kalehghouchi, Joley, Lost Hills, Kerman, and Golden Hills were the varieties with the lowest content. Regarding the harvest season, no significant differences (p < 0.01) were found in the total amount of polyphenols between 2019 and 2020. In addition, the antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) assays, showing a similar trend as that of the polyphenols.
阿月浑子（Pistacia vera L.）是一种坚果，对地中海种植条件具有良好的适应性，特别是在安达卢西亚地区，已成为一种新兴作物。此外，在过去几年中，它因其富含多酚等生物活性化合物而受到关注。虽然一些研究报告了阿月浑子的多酚谱，但大多数研究分析的是被视为残留物的果壳部分，而不是可食用的果仁部分。因此，采用超高效液相色谱-高分辨率质谱（UHPLC-MS）对2019年和2020年在安达卢西亚种植并收获的11个阿月浑子品种的果仁进行了表征。对56种多酚化合物进行了鉴定和定量，其中羟基苯甲酸类最为丰富，占总量的71−86%，其次是黄烷-3-醇类，占8−24%。此外，3,4-二羟基苯甲酸是大多数品种中的主要化合物，其次是香草酸己糖苷。拉纳卡、阿夫达特、埃伊纳和马特鲁的总多酚含量最高，而卡莱古奇、乔利、洛斯特希尔斯、克尔曼和金山的含量最低。关于收获季节，2019年和2020年之间多酚总量没有显著差异（p < 0.01）。此外，通过DPPH（二苯基苦味酰基肼）、ABTS（2,2′-联氮-双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸））和ORAC（氧自由基吸收能力）测定法测量了抗氧化活性，结果显示出与多酚类似的趋势。
