Ordoñez-Cano Andrés Javier, Ramírez-Esparza Ulises, Méndez-González Fernando, Alvarado-González Mónica, Baeza-Jiménez Ramiro, Sepúlveda-Torre Leonardo, Prado-Barragán Lilia Arely, Buenrostro-Figueroa José Juan
Biotechnology and Bioengineering Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Delicias 33089, Chihuahua, Mexico.
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Delicias 33089, Chihuahua, Mexico.
Microorganisms. 2024 Dec 27;13(1):35. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13010035.
Pistachio green hull (PGH) represents the non-edible fraction obtained after the seed is harvested and is an important source of phenolic compounds. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a viable biotechnological and economical technique for extracting phenolic compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the SSF with GH1 to recover total phenolic compounds (TPC) with antioxidant capacity (AC) from PGH. For this, the time of higher TPC and AC (DPPH [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl], ABTS [2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)], FRAP [ferric reducing antioxidant power]) was selected. Then, moisture, inoculum concentration, and aeration rate were evaluated. GH1 was able to grow and colonize the PGH, with the higher value of TPC (23.83 mg/g of dry mass (gdm)) obtained after 24 h of culture, which significantly correlated with AC (Pearson's R = 0.69). Moisture and aeration rate were the main factors influencing TPC. The highest values for both TPC and AC were achieved in treatment 8 (60% moisture, 5 × 10 spores/mL, and 1 L/Kgwm min), resulting in a 129% and 1039% increase, respectively. Gallic acid 4--glucoside and geranine were identified in the PGH extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The SSF provides eco-friendly alternatives for releasing bioactive compounds from PGH, adding value to this waste.
开心果绿壳（PGH）是收获种子后得到的不可食用部分，是酚类化合物的重要来源。固态发酵（SSF）是一种可行的生物技术和经济技术，用于提取酚类化合物。本研究旨在评估用GH1进行固态发酵，从PGH中回收具有抗氧化能力（AC）的总酚化合物（TPC）。为此，选择了TPC和AC（DPPH[2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼]、ABTS[2,2-联氮双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）]、FRAP[铁还原抗氧化能力]）含量较高的时间。然后，对水分、接种物浓度和通气率进行了评估。GH1能够在PGH上生长并定殖，培养24小时后获得的TPC值最高（23.83毫克/克干质量（gdm）），这与AC显著相关（皮尔逊相关系数R=0.69）。水分和通气率是影响TPC的主要因素。在处理8（60%水分、5×10孢子/毫升和1升/千克湿重分钟）中，TPC和AC均达到最高值，分别增加了129%和1039%。使用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术在PGH提取物中鉴定出了没食子酸4-O-葡萄糖苷和矢车菊素。固态发酵为从PGH中释放生物活性化合物提供了环保替代方案，为这种废物增加了价值。
