Lourenço Catarina, Conceição Francisco, Jerónimo Carmen, Lamghari Meriem, Sousa Daniela M
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Apr 8;14(8):1881. doi: 10.3390/cancers14081881.
Breast cancer (BRCA) remains as one the most prevalent cancers diagnosed in industrialised countries. Although the overall survival rate is high, the dissemination of BRCA cells to distant organs correlates with a significantly poor prognosis. This is due to the fact that there are no efficient therapeutic strategies designed to overcome the progression of the metastasis. Over the past decade, critical associations between stress and the prevalence of BRCA metastases were uncovered. Chronic stress and the concomitant sympathetic hyperactivation have been shown to accelerate the progression of the disease and the metastases incidence, specifically to the bone. In this review, we provide a summary of the sympathetic profile on BRCA. Additionally, the current knowledge regarding the sympathetic hyperactivity, and the underlying adrenergic signalling pathways, involved on the development of BRCA metastasis to distant organs (i.e., bone, lung, liver and brain) will be revealed. Since bone is a preferential target site for BRCA metastases, greater emphasis will be given to the contribution of α2- and β-adrenergic signalling in BRCA bone tropism and the occurrence of osteolytic lesions.
乳腺癌（BRCA）仍然是工业化国家诊断出的最常见癌症之一。尽管总体生存率较高，但BRCA细胞扩散到远处器官与显著较差的预后相关。这是因为目前没有有效的治疗策略来克服转移的进展。在过去十年中，人们发现了压力与BRCA转移发生率之间的关键关联。慢性压力和随之而来的交感神经过度激活已被证明会加速疾病进展和转移发生率，尤其是转移到骨骼。在这篇综述中，我们总结了交感神经系统对BRCA的影响。此外，还将揭示目前关于交感神经过度激活以及参与BRCA转移至远处器官（即骨骼、肺、肝脏和大脑）的潜在肾上腺素能信号通路的知识。由于骨骼是BRCA转移的优先靶位点，将更加强调α2和β肾上腺素能信号在BRCA骨嗜性和溶骨性病变发生中的作用。
