Machairas Nikolaos, Tsilimigras Diamantis I, Pawlik Timothy M
2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Apr 16;14(8):2018. doi: 10.3390/cancers14082018.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver tumor. As a result of advanced disease being often present at diagnosis, only a small percentage of patients are amenable to curative-intent treatment options such as surgical resection and liver transplantation. Systemic therapy consisting of tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as sorafenib had been used for over a decade with limited efficacy. More recently, treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment landscape of various malignant tumors. With this shifting paradigm, recent data have demonstrated encouraging outcomes among patients with HCC. In particular, several trials have investigated the safety and efficacy of various immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) either as monotherapy or in the form of combined treatments. We sought to provide an overview of recent clinical trials among patients with advanced HCC as well as to highlight predictors of response and immune-related adverse events and to review the evidence on perioperative administration of ICI in patients with resectable HCC.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是最常见的原发性肝肿瘤。由于诊断时往往已处于疾病晚期，只有一小部分患者适合接受手术切除和肝移植等根治性治疗方案。由索拉非尼等酪氨酸激酶抑制剂组成的全身治疗已使用了十多年，疗效有限。最近，免疫检查点抑制剂治疗彻底改变了各种恶性肿瘤的治疗格局。随着这一模式的转变，最近的数据显示HCC患者取得了令人鼓舞的结果。特别是，几项试验研究了各种免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）作为单一疗法或以联合治疗形式的安全性和疗效。我们试图概述晚期HCC患者的近期临床试验，突出反应预测因素和免疫相关不良事件，并回顾可切除HCC患者围手术期ICI给药的证据。
