Rachayon Muanpetch, Jirakran Ketsupar, Sodsai Pimpayao, Klinchanhom Siriwan, Sughondhabirom Atapol, Plaimas Kitiporn, Suratanee Apichat, Maes Michael
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
Maximizing Thai Children's Developmental Potential Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022 Mar 26;15(4):405. doi: 10.3390/ph15040405.
Major depressive disorder and major depressive episodes (MDD/MDE) are characterized by the activation of the immune-inflammatory response system (IRS) and the compensatory immune-regulatory system (CIRS). Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid isolated from the cannabis plant, which is reported to have antidepressant-like and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of CBD on IRS, CIRS, M1, T helper (Th)-1, Th-2, Th-17, T regulatory (Treg) profiles, and growth factors in depression and healthy controls. Culture supernatant of stimulated (5 μg/mL of PHA and 25 μg/mL of LPS) whole blood of 30 depressed patients and 20 controls was assayed for cytokines using the LUMINEX assay. The effects of three CBD concentrations (0.1 µg/mL, 1 µg/mL, and 10 µg/mL) were examined. Depression was characterized by significantly increased PHA + LPS-stimulated Th-1, Th-2, Th-17, Treg, IRS, CIRS, and neurotoxicity profiles. CBD 0.1 µg/mL did not have any immune effects. CBD 1.0 µg/mL decreased CIRS activities but increased growth factor production, while CBD 10.0 µg/mL suppressed Th-1, Th-17, IRS, CIRS, and a neurotoxicity profile and enhanced T cell growth and growth factor production. CBD 1.0 to 10.0 µg/mL dose-dependently decreased sIL-1RA, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, CCL11, G-CSF, IFN-γ, CCL2, CCL4, and CCL5, and increased IL-1β, IL-4, IL-15, IL-17, GM-CSF, TNF-α, FGF, and VEGF. In summary, in this experiment, there was no beneficial effect of CBD on the activated immune profile of depression and higher CBD concentrations can worsen inflammatory processes.
重度抑郁症和重度抑郁发作（MDD/MDE）的特征是免疫炎症反应系统（IRS）和代偿性免疫调节系统（CIRS）的激活。大麻二酚（CBD）是从大麻植物中分离出的一种植物大麻素，据报道具有抗抑郁样和抗炎作用。本研究的目的是研究CBD对抑郁症患者和健康对照者的IRS、CIRS、M1、辅助性T细胞（Th）-1、Th-2、Th-17、调节性T细胞（Treg）谱以及生长因子的影响。使用LUMINEX检测法对30例抑郁症患者和20例对照者的刺激（5μg/mL植物血凝素和25μg/mL脂多糖）全血的培养上清液进行细胞因子检测。研究了三种CBD浓度（0.1μg/mL、1μg/mL和10μg/mL）的作用。抑郁症的特征是PHA + LPS刺激的Th-1、Th-2、Th-17、Treg、IRS、CIRS和神经毒性谱显著增加。0.1μg/mL的CBD没有任何免疫作用。1.0μg/mL的CBD降低了CIRS活性，但增加了生长因子的产生，而10.0μg/mL的CBD抑制了Th-1、Th-17、IRS、CIRS和神经毒性谱，并增强了T细胞生长和生长因子的产生。1.0至10.0μg/mL的CBD剂量依赖性地降低了可溶性白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂（sIL-1RA）、白细胞介素-8、白细胞介素-9、白细胞介素-10、白细胞介素-13、CC趋化因子配体11（CCL11）、粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、CCL2、CCL4和CCL5，并增加了白细胞介素-1β、白细胞介素-4、白细胞介素-15、白细胞介素-17、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）。总之，在本实验中，CBD对抑郁症激活的免疫谱没有有益作用，较高浓度的CBD会使炎症过程恶化。
