Kim So Young, Yoo Dae Myoung, Kwon Mi-Jung, Kim Ji-Hee, Kim Joo-Hee, Bang Woo-Jin, Choi Hyo Geun
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA University, Bundang CHA Medical Center, Seongnam 13496, Korea.
Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14066, Korea.
J Pers Med. 2022 Apr 4;12(4):576. doi: 10.3390/jpm12040576.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been suggested to increase the risk of depression and anxiety disorders. This study expanded upon previous findings by estimating the changes in medical visits for various psychological disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before COVID-19. The entire Korean population ≥ 20 years old (~42.3 million) was included. The first COVID-19 case in Korea was reported on 20 January 2020. Thus, the period from January 2018 through to February 2020 was classified as “before COVID-19”, and the period from March 2020 through to May 2021 was classified as “during COVID-19”. Monthly medical visits due to the following 13 psychological disorders were evaluated: depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, primary insomnia, schizophrenia, panic disorder, hypochondriasis, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety disorder, anorexia nervosa, addephagia, alcoholism, nicotine dependency, and gambling addiction were evaluated. The differences in the number of medical visits and the variance of diseases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed using the Mann−Whitney U test and Levene’s test. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to age and sex. The frequencies of medical visits for depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, primary insomnia, panic disorder, hypochondriasis, PTSD, anxiety disorder, anorexia nervosa, addephagia, and gambling addiction were higher during COVID-19 than before COVID-19 (all p < 0.001). However, the frequencies of medical visits for schizophrenia, alcoholism, and nicotine dependency were lower during the COVID-19 pandemic than before the COVID-19 pandemic (all p < 0.001). The psychological disorders with a higher frequency of medical visits during COVID-19 were consistent in all age and sex subgroups. In the old age group, the number of medical visits due to schizophrenia was also higher during COVID-19 than before COVID-19 (p < 0.001). Many psychological disorders, including depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, primary insomnia, panic disorder, hypochondriasis, PTSD, anxiety disorder, anorexia nervosa, addephagia, and gambling addiction, had a higher number of related medical visits, while disorders such as schizophrenia, alcoholism, and nicotine dependency had a lower number of related medical visits during COVID-19 among Korean adults.
2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行被认为会增加抑郁症和焦虑症的风险。本研究在以往研究结果的基础上进行了拓展，通过估计COVID-19大流行期间与COVID-19之前相比各种心理障碍的就诊变化情况。纳入了韩国所有20岁及以上的人群（约4230万）。韩国首例COVID-19病例于2020年1月20日报告。因此，将2018年1月至2020年2月这段时间归类为“COVID-19之前”，将2020年3月至2021年5月这段时间归类为“COVID-19期间”。对因以下13种心理障碍进行的月度就诊情况进行了评估：抑郁症、双相情感障碍、原发性失眠症、精神分裂症、恐慌症、疑病症、创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）、焦虑症、神经性厌食症、贪食症、酒精成瘾、尼古丁依赖和赌博成瘾。使用Mann-Whitney U检验和Levene检验分析了COVID-19大流行之前和期间就诊次数的差异以及疾病的方差。根据年龄和性别进行了亚组分析。COVID-19期间抑郁症、双相情感障碍、原发性失眠症、恐慌症、疑病症、PTSD、焦虑症、神经性厌食症、贪食症和赌博成瘾的就诊频率高于COVID-19之前（所有p<0.001）。然而，COVID-19大流行期间精神分裂症、酒精成瘾和尼古丁依赖的就诊频率低于COVID-19大流行之前（所有p<0.001）。COVID-19期间就诊频率较高的心理障碍在所有年龄和性别亚组中都是一致的。在老年组中，COVID-19期间因精神分裂症的就诊次数也高于COVID-19之前（p<0.001）。在韩国成年人中，COVID-19期间许多心理障碍，包括抑郁症、双相情感障碍、原发性失眠症、恐慌症、疑病症、PTSD、焦虑症、神经性厌食症、贪食症和赌博成瘾，相关就诊次数较多，而精神分裂症、酒精成瘾和尼古丁依赖等障碍的相关就诊次数较少。
