Department of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
Genes (Basel). 2022 Mar 29;13(4):613. doi: 10.3390/genes13040613.
Mitochondrial DNA and nonrecombinant parts of Y-chromosome DNA are a great tool for looking at a species' past. They are inherited for generations almost unaffected because they do not participate in recombination; thus, the time of occurrence of each mutation can be estimated based on the average mutation rate. Thanks to this, male and female haplogroups guide confirming events in the distant past (potential centers of domestication, settlement of areas, trade connections) as well as in modern breeding (crossbreeding, confirmation of paternity). This research focuses mainly on the development of domestic sheep and its post-domestication expansion, which has occurred through human trade from one continent to another. So far, five mitochondrial and five Y-chromosome haplogroups and dozens of their haplotypes have been detected in domestic sheep through studies worldwide. Mitochondrial DNA variability is more or less correlated with distance from the domestication center, but variability on the recombinant region of the Y chromosome is not. According to available data, central China shows the highest variability of male haplogroups and haplotypes.
线粒体 DNA 和非重组部分的 Y 染色体 DNA 是研究物种过去的重要工具。它们世代相传，几乎不受影响，因为它们不参与重组；因此，每个突变的发生时间可以根据平均突变率来估计。由于这个原因，男性和女性的单倍群可以帮助确认遥远过去的事件（潜在的驯化中心、地区定居、贸易联系）以及现代繁殖（杂交、亲子关系确认）。这项研究主要集中在绵羊的发展及其驯化后的扩张上，这是通过人类从一个大陆到另一个大陆的贸易发生的。迄今为止，通过全球范围内的研究，在绵羊中已经检测到了五个线粒体和五个 Y 染色体单倍群以及它们的几十个单倍型。线粒体 DNA 的变异性或多或少与离驯化中心的距离有关，但 Y 染色体重组区的变异性则没有。根据现有数据，中国中部地区显示出最高的男性单倍群和单倍型变异性。
