Liu Chunping, Fan Zhijin, He Dongyue, Chen Huiqi, Zhang Shihui, Guo Sien, Zheng Bojun, Cen Huan, Zhao Yunxuan, Liu Hongxing, Wang Lei
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China.
State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China.
Pharmaceutics. 2022 Mar 31;14(4):758. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040758.
Acute myocardial infarction is a major global health problem, and the repair of damaged myocardium is still a major challenge. Myocardial injury triggers an inflammatory response: immune cells infiltrate into the myocardium while activating myofibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells, promoting tissue repair and scar formation. Fragments released by cardiomyocytes become endogenous "danger signals", which are recognized by cardiac pattern recognition receptors, activate resident cardiac immune cells, release thrombin factors and inflammatory mediators, and trigger severe inflammatory responses. Inflammatory signaling plays an important role in the dilation and fibrosis remodeling of the infarcted heart, and is a key event driving the pathogenesis of post-infarct heart failure. At present, there is no effective way to reverse the inflammatory microenvironment in injured myocardium, so it is urgent to find new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Nanomedicine, the application of nanoparticles for the prevention, treatment, and imaging of disease, has produced a number of promising applications. This review discusses the treatment and challenges of myocardial injury and describes the advantages of functional nanoparticles in regulating the myocardial inflammatory microenvironment and overcoming side effects. In addition, the role of inflammatory signals in regulating the repair and remodeling of infarcted hearts is discussed, and specific therapeutic targets are identified to provide new therapeutic ideas for the treatment of myocardial injury.
急性心肌梗死是一个重大的全球健康问题，受损心肌的修复仍然是一项重大挑战。心肌损伤会引发炎症反应：免疫细胞浸润到心肌中，同时激活肌成纤维细胞和血管内皮细胞，促进组织修复和瘢痕形成。心肌细胞释放的碎片成为内源性“危险信号”，被心脏模式识别受体识别，激活驻留的心脏免疫细胞，释放凝血酶因子和炎症介质，并引发严重的炎症反应。炎症信号在梗死心脏的扩张和纤维化重塑中起重要作用，是驱动梗死后心力衰竭发病机制的关键事件。目前，尚无有效的方法来逆转受损心肌中的炎症微环境，因此迫切需要寻找新的治疗和诊断策略。纳米医学，即将纳米颗粒应用于疾病的预防、治疗和成像，已经产生了一些有前景的应用。本文综述讨论了心肌损伤的治疗方法和挑战，并描述了功能性纳米颗粒在调节心肌炎症微环境和克服副作用方面的优势。此外，还讨论了炎症信号在调节梗死心脏修复和重塑中的作用，并确定了特定的治疗靶点，为心肌损伤的治疗提供新的治疗思路。
