Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University School of Physical Education in Krakow, Jana Pawla II 78, 31-571 Cracow, Poland.
Department of Econometrics and Operational Research, Cracow University of Economics, 31-510 Cracow, Poland.
Nutrients. 2021 Mar 21;13(3):1019. doi: 10.3390/nu13031019.
The aim of this meta-analysis was to review the impact of a Paleolithic diet (PD) on selected health indicators (body composition, lipid profile, blood pressure, and carbohydrate metabolism) in the short and long term of nutrition intervention in healthy and unhealthy adults. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of 21 full-text original human studies was conducted. Both the PD and a variety of healthy diets (control diets (CDs)) caused reduction in anthropometric parameters, both in the short and long term. For many indicators, such as weight (body mass (BM)), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), impact was stronger and especially found in the short term. All diets caused a decrease in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), albeit the impact of PD was stronger. Among long-term studies, only PD cased a decline in TC and LDL-C. Impact on blood pressure was observed mainly in the short term. PD caused a decrease in fasting plasma (fP) glucose, fP insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the short run, contrary to CD. In the long term, only PD caused a decrease in fP glucose and fP insulin. Lower positive impact of PD on performance was observed in the group without exercise. Positive effects of the PD on health and the lack of experiments among professional athletes require longer-term interventions to determine the effect of the Paleo diet on athletic performance.
本荟萃分析的目的是回顾在健康和不健康成年人的营养干预的短期和长期内，原始石器时代饮食（PD）对选定健康指标（身体成分、血脂谱、血压和碳水化合物代谢）的影响。对 21 篇全文原始人类研究的随机对照试验进行了系统评价。PD 和各种健康饮食（对照饮食（CDs））都导致了人体测量参数的减少，无论是短期还是长期。对于许多指标，如体重（体重（BM））、体重指数（BMI）和腰围（WC），影响在短期内更强，尤其是在短期内。所有饮食都导致总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和甘油三酯（TG）降低，尽管 PD 的影响更强。在长期研究中，只有 PD 导致 TC 和 LDL-C 下降。观察到血压的影响主要在短期内。PD 导致空腹血浆（fP）葡萄糖、空腹胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）在短期内下降，与 CD 相反。在长期内，只有 PD 导致 fP 葡萄糖和 fP 胰岛素下降。在没有运动的组中，PD 对性能的积极影响较低。PD 对健康的积极影响以及专业运动员缺乏实验需要进行更长期的干预，以确定原始石器时代饮食对运动表现的影响。
