National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ji'nan 250000, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 15;19(8):4807. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19084807.
Stroke is the leading cause of death in China, and its burdens are rapidly increasing. The prevalence and control of stroke risk factors among stroke patients in China are unknown.
We investigated the stroke risk factors of stroke patients in China.
We examined stroke risk factors in 6580 stroke patients aged 18 years or older in the China National Chronic Diseases and Nutrition Surveillance of Adults (2015-2017). With regard to the basic characteristics of the study participants, categorical variables were described as frequency (percent). The chi-square test was used to analyze the difference between men and women. The multivariate logistic regression model was used in the multivariate analysis.
Among the 6580 stroke patients, hypertension was the most common stroke risk factor identified in most cases (78.51%), followed by overweight or obesity (61.58%), dyslipidemia (54.38%), smoking (24.04%), diabetes (21.75%), family history of stroke (17.43%), lack of exercise (16.35%), and atrial fibrillation (4.47%). Drinking stroke patients had a lower rate of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Patients with hyperuricemia had a higher rate of hypertension and dyslipidemia than no-hyperuricemia patients. The hypertension awareness, treatment, and control rates among hypertension stroke patients were 73.62%, 70.19%, and 17.79%, respectively. The diabetes awareness, treatment, and control rates among diabetes patients were 69.74%, 65.83%, and 34.59%, respectively. The dyslipidemia awareness, treatment, and control rates among dyslipidemia patients were 42.37%, 29.4%, and 20.07%, respectively. Among treated hypertension patients, the rates of taking medicine as medically advised, controlled diet, increased exercise, and blood pressure monitoring were 91.31%, 58.88%, 45.78%, and 73.99%, respectively. Among treated diabetes patients, the rates of oral antidiabetic medications, insulin injection, diet control, and blood glucose monitoring were 78.24%, 34.71%, 85.77%, and 78.24%, respectively. Among treated dyslipidemic patients, the rate of taking medicine as medical advice, controlled diet, increased exercise, and regular blood lipid monitoring was 80.61%, 77.57%, 56.46%, and 40.3%, respectively.
The most common risk factors for community stroke patients in China are hypertension, dyslipidemia, and overweight or obesity. The stroke community patients' suboptimal awareness and treatment of hypertension, and suboptimal awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes, and dyslipidemia are significant problems in China.
中风是中国的主要死因，其负担正在迅速增加。中国中风患者中风风险因素的流行情况和控制情况尚不清楚。
调查中国中风患者的中风风险因素。
我们检查了 6580 名年龄在 18 岁及以上的中国国家慢性病和成人营养监测（2015-2017 年）中风患者的中风风险因素。关于研究参与者的基本特征，分类变量描述为频率（百分比）。卡方检验用于分析男女之间的差异。多变量逻辑回归模型用于多变量分析。
在 6580 名中风患者中，高血压是最常见的中风风险因素，在大多数情况下占 78.51%，其次是超重或肥胖（61.58%）、血脂异常（54.38%）、吸烟（24.04%）、糖尿病（21.75%）、中风家族史（17.43%）、缺乏运动（16.35%）和心房颤动（4.47%）。饮酒中风患者的高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常发生率较低。高尿酸血症患者的高血压和血脂异常发生率高于非高尿酸血症患者。高血压中风患者的高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为 73.62%、70.19%和 17.79%。糖尿病患者的糖尿病知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为 69.74%、65.83%和 34.59%。血脂异常患者的血脂异常知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为 42.37%、29.4%和 20.07%。在接受治疗的高血压患者中，按照医嘱服药、控制饮食、增加运动和血压监测的比例分别为 91.31%、58.88%、45.78%和 73.99%。在接受治疗的糖尿病患者中，口服降糖药物、胰岛素注射、饮食控制和血糖监测的比例分别为 78.24%、34.71%、85.77%和 78.24%。在接受治疗的血脂异常患者中，按医嘱服药、控制饮食、增加运动和定期血脂监测的比例分别为 80.61%、77.57%、56.46%和 40.3%。
中国社区中风患者最常见的风险因素是高血压、血脂异常和超重或肥胖。中国中风社区患者的高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常知晓率和治疗率不理想，控制率也不理想。
