Muldoon Kirsty, Song Yanhua, Ahmad Zeeshan, Chen Xing, Chang Ming-Wei
Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, University of Ulster, Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK.
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
Micromachines (Basel). 2022 Apr 18;13(4):642. doi: 10.3390/mi13040642.
Three dimensional printing (3DP), or additive manufacturing, is an exponentially growing process in the fabrication of various technologies with applications in sectors such as electronics, biomedical, pharmaceutical and tissue engineering. Micro and nano scale printing is encouraging the innovation of the aforementioned sectors, due to the ability to control design, material and chemical properties at a highly precise level, which is advantageous in creating a high surface area to volume ratio and altering the overall products' mechanical and physical properties. In this review, micro/-nano printing technology, mainly related to lithography, inkjet and electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing and their biomedical and electronic applications will be discussed. The current limitations to micro/-nano printing methods will be examined, covering the difficulty in achieving controlled structures at the miniscule micro and nano scale required for specific applications.
三维打印（3DP），即增材制造，是一种在各种技术制造中呈指数级增长的工艺，应用于电子、生物医学、制药和组织工程等领域。微纳尺度打印正在推动上述领域的创新，因为它能够在高精度水平上控制设计、材料和化学性质，这有利于创造高的表面积与体积比，并改变整个产品的机械和物理性质。在本综述中，将讨论主要与光刻、喷墨和电流体动力学（EHD）打印相关的微/纳打印技术及其生物医学和电子应用。将研究微/纳打印方法目前的局限性，包括在特定应用所需的微小微纳尺度上实现可控结构的困难。
