Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
Viruses. 2022 Apr 1;14(4):743. doi: 10.3390/v14040743.
Innate immunity is the only defense system for resistance against infections in crustaceans. In crustaceans, white spot diseases caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) are a serious viral disease with high accumulative mortality after infection. Attachment and entry into cells have been known to be two initial and important steps in viral infection. However, systematic information about the mechanisms related to WSSV infection in crustaceans is still limited. Previous studies have reported that cellular receptors are important in the innate immune system and are responsible for the recognition of foreign microorganisms and in the stimulation of the immune responses during infections. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the functions of cellular receptors, including Toll, C-type lectin, scavenger receptor, β-integrin, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, laminin receptor, globular C1q receptor, lipopolysaccharide-and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein, chitin-binding protein, Ras-associated binding, and Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule in the innate immune defense of crustaceans, especially shrimp and crabs, in response to WSSV infection. The results of this study provide information on the interaction between viruses and hosts during infections, which is important in the development of preventative strategies and antiviral targets in cultured aquatic animals.
先天免疫是甲壳动物抵抗感染的唯一防御系统。在甲壳动物中，由白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）引起的白斑病是一种严重的病毒性疾病，感染后死亡率很高。附着和进入细胞已被证实是病毒感染的两个初始和重要步骤。然而，有关甲壳动物中与 WSSV 感染相关的机制的系统信息仍然有限。先前的研究表明，细胞受体在先天免疫系统中很重要，负责识别外来微生物，并在感染期间刺激免疫反应。在这篇综述中，我们总结了细胞受体（包括 Toll、C 型凝集素、清道夫受体、β-整合素、多聚免疫球蛋白受体、层粘连蛋白受体、球形 C1q 受体、脂多糖和β-1,3-葡聚糖结合蛋白、几丁质结合蛋白、Ras 相关结合和唐氏综合征细胞黏附分子）在甲壳动物先天免疫防御中的功能，特别是虾和蟹对 WSSV 感染的反应。本研究的结果提供了有关病毒和宿主在感染过程中相互作用的信息，这对于在养殖水生动物中开发预防策略和抗病毒靶标非常重要。
