Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic Technologies, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Apr 8;22(8):2857. doi: 10.3390/s22082857.
The risk of ship-bridge collisions should be evaluated using advanced models to consider different anti-collision and bridge-protection measures. This study aimed to propose a method to evaluate the effectiveness of active and passive safety measures in preventing ship-bridge collision. A novel ship-bridge collision probability formulation taking into consideration different safety measures was proposed. The model was applied at Jintang Bridge in China where the surrounding vessel traffic is ultra-crowded. We calculated the collision probability between the bridge and passing traffic using automatic identification system (AIS) data, Monte Carlo simulation, and Bayesian networks. Results under four different safety measures (i.e., active measures, passive measures, both measures and none) were analyzed and compared. The analysis concluded that both active and passive safety measures are effective in reducing the ship-bridge collision probability. Active measures, if deployed properly, can provide protection at an equivalent level than passive measures against collision risks. However, passive measures, such as setting arresting cables, are necessary in cases where the response time of the active measures is long. The proposed method and the results obtained from the case study may be useful for robust and systematic effectiveness evaluation of safety measures in other cases worldwide.
应采用先进的模型来评估船舶与桥梁碰撞的风险，以考虑不同的防撞和桥梁保护措施。本研究旨在提出一种评估主动和被动安全措施在防止船舶与桥梁碰撞中的有效性的方法。提出了一种考虑不同安全措施的新的船舶与桥梁碰撞概率公式。该模型应用于中国金塘大桥，该桥周围的船舶交通非常拥挤。我们使用自动识别系统（AIS）数据、蒙特卡罗模拟和贝叶斯网络计算了桥梁与过往交通之间的碰撞概率。分析并比较了四种不同安全措施（即主动措施、被动措施、两者都有和两者都没有）下的结果。分析得出，主动和被动安全措施都能有效降低船舶与桥梁碰撞的概率。如果主动措施部署得当，可以提供与被动措施相当的防撞保护水平。然而，在主动措施的响应时间较长的情况下，设置拦截电缆等被动措施是必要的。所提出的方法和案例研究中获得的结果可能对全球其他情况下安全措施的稳健和系统的有效性评估有用。
