Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2022 Jun;76:102181. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102181. Epub 2022 Apr 21.
Different tissue-resident macrophages are present in and at the borders of the brain. Microglia reside in the central nervous system parenchyma, whereas non-parenchymal macrophages dwell at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, the choroid plexus, and the meninges. Microglia display regional heterogeneity in phenotype and function, and fulfill critical roles in neuronal development and regulation of brain homeostasis in the healthy brain. In recent years, it became clear that the non-parenchymal macrophages also exhibit transcriptional diversity and different dynamics but less is known about their functional specification at their respective anatomical locations. This review discusses recent advances describing the heterogeneity of the brain macrophage compartment and potential physiological functions with a focus on non-parenchymal macrophages.
不同组织驻留的巨噬细胞存在于大脑内部和边界处。小胶质细胞存在于中枢神经系统实质中，而非实质细胞的巨噬细胞存在于大脑和外周之间的界面，包括血管周围间隙、脉络丛和脑膜。小胶质细胞在表型和功能上具有区域异质性，在健康大脑中发挥着关键作用，包括神经元发育和调节脑内稳态。近年来，人们清楚地认识到非实质细胞的巨噬细胞也表现出转录多样性和不同的动力学，但对于它们在各自解剖位置上的功能特异性知之甚少。本综述讨论了描述大脑巨噬细胞区室异质性的最新进展，并重点介绍了非实质细胞的潜在生理功能。
