Crum John D, Ramey David M
211 Oswald Tower, University Park, 16802 Pennsylvania, PA United States Department of Sociology and Criminology, The Pennsylvania State University.
Am J Crim Justice. 2023;48(3):572-601. doi: 10.1007/s12103-022-09669-6. Epub 2022 Apr 19.
Booked arrests carry greater harms than non-booked arrests. When booked following an arrest, individuals are confined without guilt and an official criminal record forms that carries several negative consequences. Even with these greater harms, police decision to book arrests is understudied with little research on what factors influence this decision. This study utilizes official booking data to determine if suspect extralegal and community factors affect officers' decisions to book arrests across minor offenses. The study uses data from the Chandler Police Department in Arizona and the American Community Survey from 2013 to 2019. These data include suspect legal/extralegal, officer, time, and block-group level factors. Using a cross-classified modeling approach, we examine factors associated with booking arrests across five offenses (cannabis possession, drug paraphernalia, shoplifting, criminal damage, and non-DUI-traffic). Results suggest that legal factors, particularly felony charges, are associated with higher odds of booking after arrest. However, we also demonstrate how extralegal factors significantly impact police decision to book arrests. Native Americans, Blacks, older individuals, and those with prior records had higher odds of booked arrests. While the odds of booked arrest varied across officers and communities, few officer or community factors were related to the decision to book arrests. Results suggest extralegal factors remain significant across minor offenses. These findings highlight the need to examine disparities on police post-arrest outcomes, expand racial categories studied, and incorporate less utilized variables like prior record.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12103-022-09669-6.
被登记逮捕比未被登记逮捕带来更大的危害。被捕后被登记时，个人在无罪的情况下被监禁，并形成一份有若干负面后果的官方犯罪记录。即便有这些更大的危害，警方决定登记逮捕的情况却研究不足，对于影响这一决定的因素几乎没有研究。本研究利用官方登记数据来确定嫌疑人的法外因素和社区因素是否会影响警察对轻微犯罪进行登记逮捕的决定。该研究使用了亚利桑那州钱德勒警察局的数据以及2013年至2019年的美国社区调查数据。这些数据包括嫌疑人的法律/法外因素、警察、时间和街区组层面的因素。使用交叉分类建模方法，我们研究了与五种犯罪（持有大麻、毒品用具、行窃、刑事损害和非酒驾交通违法）登记逮捕相关的因素。结果表明，法律因素，尤其是重罪指控，与逮捕后被登记的较高几率相关。然而，我们也证明了法外因素如何显著影响警方登记逮捕的决定。美洲原住民、黑人、年长者以及有前科的人被登记逮捕的几率更高。虽然登记逮捕的几率在不同警察和社区之间有所不同，但很少有警察或社区因素与登记逮捕的决定相关。结果表明，法外因素在轻微犯罪中仍然具有重要影响。这些发现凸显了审视警方逮捕后结果差异、扩大所研究的种族类别以及纳入像前科这样较少使用的变量的必要性。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s12103-022-09669-6获取的补充材料。
