Koziol James A, Schnitzer Jan E
Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States.
Heliyon. 2022 Apr;8(4):e09299. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09299. Epub 2022 Apr 18.
Examination of the mortality patterns in the United States among racial, ethnic, and age groups attributed to the 1918-19 influenza pandemic revealed stark disparities, causes for which could have been addressed and rectified this past century. However, these disparities have been amplified during the current COVID-19 pandemic.We have ignored the lessons of the past, and were destined to repeat its failings.
Compare and contrast mortality patterns by age, race, and ethnicity attributable to the 1918-19 influenza pandemic in the United States with corresponding patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This is a retrospective study, establishing mortality rates according to age, race and ethnicity attributable to the 1918-19 influenza pandemic in the United States and to the current COVID-19 pandemic, using mortality data published by the U.S. Public Health Service and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Negative binomial regression models were used to establish rate ratios, that is, ratios of mortality rates across the various racial/ethnic groups, and associated 95% confidence intervals.
Mortality patterns by age differ significantly between the 1918-19 influenza pandemic and the COVID-19 pandemic: with infant and young adult (25-40 years old) mortality substantially higher in the former. Disparities in mortality between racial and ethnic groups are amplified in the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the 1918-19 experience.
As we evaluate our nation's response to COVID-19 and design public policy to prepare better for coming pandemics, we cannot ignore the stark disparities in mortality rates experienced by different racial and ethnic groups. This will require a sustained resolve by society and government to delineate and remedy the causative factors, through science devoid of political interpretation and exploitation.
对美国1918 - 1919年流感大流行期间不同种族、族裔和年龄组的死亡率模式进行的研究揭示了明显的差异，而这些差异的成因在过去一个世纪本可得到解决和纠正。然而，在当前的新冠疫情期间，这些差异被进一步放大了。我们忽视了过去的教训，注定会重蹈覆辙。
比较并对比美国1918 - 1919年流感大流行期间按年龄、种族和族裔划分的死亡率模式与新冠疫情期间的相应模式。
这是一项回顾性研究，利用美国公共卫生服务局和疾病控制与预防中心公布的死亡率数据，确定美国1918 - 1919年流感大流行以及当前新冠疫情期间按年龄、种族和族裔划分的死亡率。使用负二项回归模型来确定率比，即不同种族/族裔群体的死亡率之比，以及相关的95%置信区间。
1918 - 1919年流感大流行和新冠疫情期间按年龄划分的死亡率模式存在显著差异：前者中婴儿和青年（25 - 40岁）死亡率显著更高。与1918 - 1919年的情况相比，新冠疫情期间不同种族和族裔群体之间的死亡率差异被进一步放大。
在我们评估国家对新冠疫情的应对措施并制定公共政策以更好地应对未来大流行时，我们不能忽视不同种族和族裔群体死亡率的明显差异。这将需要社会和政府持续下定决心，通过不受政治解读和利用影响的科学方法来确定并纠正致病因素。
