Fujikawa Takuya, Kabir Russell Sarwar, Haramaki Yutaka
Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan.
Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan.
Front Psychol. 2022 Apr 6;13:785385. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.785385. eCollection 2022.
The empirical basis for self-control in Dohsa-hou as it relates to effects on cognitive processes has been explored in a few studies of the Japanese psychotherapy, but not under standardized conditions with a strong predictive theory of control. This study reports on a series of experiments with the Dual Mechanisms of Control framework to clarify the possible regulatory mechanism of Dohsa-hou by focusing on shoulder movement, a key body movement task used by practitioners across applied settings. Cognitive control was operationalized with the AX version of Continuous Performance Test (AX-CPT) paradigm for proactive control and a modified Stroop task paradigm for reactive control in a 3-arm parallel group trial study design. Healthy Japanese university students were assigned to a Dohsa-hou group that performed a shoulder movement task for few minutes, an active control group that performed a similar task, or a passive control group comprised of a resting condition. A total of 55 participants performed the AX-CPT and 57 participants performed the modified Stroop task before and after the group manipulation. In the AX-CPT, an increase in the error rate of AY (true cue-false probe) trial from pre- to post-test was observed in the passive control group only, and found to be marginally higher in the passive control group relative to Dohsa-hou group at post-test. This indicated that Dohsa-hou moderated the activation of proactive control by repeated AX-CPT performance. The error rate of the Proactive Behavioral Index did not differ from zero at post-test only in the Dohsa-hou group, indicating flexible cognitive control. In the modified Stroop task, there was no difference between congruent and incongruent trials at post-test for the Dohsa-hou group only, indicating the facilitation of reactive control. The evidence for a balancing effect for the Dohsa-hou-based shoulder movement task indicates that clients experience a form of continuous self-monitoring, which might reduce mind-wandering from their focus on movement execution combined with iterative verbal feedback from the therapist. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that the self-regulatory mechanism promoted in clinical Dohsa-hou emphasizes guided shifts in attention to the reactive mode toward a balance of cognitive control.
在日本心理治疗法多沙疗法（Dohsa-hou）中，自我控制与认知过程的关系的实证基础在一些研究中有所探讨，但并非在具有强大控制预测理论的标准化条件下进行。本研究报告了一系列基于控制双重机制框架的实验，通过关注肩部运动（这是从业者在各种应用场景中使用的关键身体运动任务）来阐明多沙疗法可能的调节机制。在一项三臂平行组试验研究设计中，认知控制通过连续性能测试（AX-CPT）范式的AX版本进行主动控制操作，并通过修改后的斯特鲁普任务范式进行反应控制操作。健康的日本大学生被分配到一个执行几分钟肩部运动任务的多沙疗法组、一个执行类似任务的主动对照组或一个由休息状态组成的被动对照组。在组操作前后，共有55名参与者进行了AX-CPT，57名参与者进行了修改后的斯特鲁普任务。在AX-CPT中，仅在被动对照组中观察到从测试前到测试后AY（真实线索-错误探针）试验的错误率增加，并且发现在测试后被动对照组相对于多沙疗法组的错误率略高。这表明多沙疗法通过重复AX-CPT表现调节了主动控制的激活。仅在多沙疗法组中，主动行为指数的错误率在测试后与零无差异，表明认知控制具有灵活性。在修改后的斯特鲁普任务中，仅多沙疗法组在测试后一致和不一致试验之间没有差异，表明反应控制得到促进。基于多沙疗法的肩部运动任务具有平衡效应的证据表明，客户经历了一种持续的自我监测形式，这可能会减少他们因专注于运动执行而产生的走神，并结合治疗师的迭代言语反馈。总体而言，本研究结果表明，临床多沙疗法中促进的自我调节机制强调将注意力引导性地转向反应模式，以实现认知控制的平衡。
