Peifer Corinna, Wolters Gina, Harmat László, Heutte Jean, Tan Jasmine, Freire Teresa, Tavares Dionísia, Fonte Carla, Andersen Frans Orsted, van den Hout Jef, Šimleša Milija, Pola Linda, Ceja Lucia, Triberti Stefano
Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2022 Apr 7;13:815665. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.815665. eCollection 2022.
Flow is a gratifying state of deep involvement and absorption that individuals report when facing a challenging activity and they perceive adequate abilities to cope with it (EFRN, 2014). The flow concept was introduced by Csikszentmihalyi in 1975, and interest in flow research is growing. However, to our best knowledge, no scoping review exists that takes a systematic look at studies on flow which were published between the years 2000 and 2016. Overall, 252 studies have been included in this review. Our review (1) provides a framework to cluster flow research, (2) gives a systematic overview about existing studies and their findings, and (3) provides an overview about implications for future research. The provided framework consists of three levels of flow research. In the first "Individual" level are the categories for personality, motivation, physiology, emotion, cognition, and behavior. The second "Contextual" level contains the categories for contextual and interindividual factors and the third "Cultural" level contains cultural factors that relate to flow. Using our framework, we systematically present the findings for each category. While flow research has made progress in understanding flow, in the future, more experimental and longitudinal studies are needed to gain deeper insights into the causal structure of flow and its antecedents and consequences.
心流是一种令人愉悦的深度参与和沉浸状态，个体在面对具有挑战性的活动且认为自己有足够能力应对时会报告这种状态（欧洲积极心理学网络，2014年）。心流概念由奇克森特米哈伊于1975年提出，目前对心流研究的兴趣与日俱增。然而，就我们所知，尚无对2000年至2016年间发表的关于心流的研究进行系统审视的范围综述。总体而言，本综述纳入了252项研究。我们的综述（1）提供了一个对心流研究进行分类的框架，（2）对现有研究及其发现进行了系统概述，（3）对未来研究的启示进行了概述。所提供的框架包括心流研究的三个层次。在第一个“个体”层次上，有个性、动机、生理、情感、认知和行为等类别。第二个“情境”层次包含情境和个体间因素的类别，第三个“文化”层次包含与心流相关的文化因素。我们使用该框架系统地呈现了每个类别的研究结果。虽然心流研究在理解心流方面取得了进展，但未来仍需要更多的实验性和纵向研究，以便更深入地洞察心流的因果结构及其前因后果。
