Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Classification Based on Deep Learning.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a type of mental health disorder that can be seen from children to adults and affects patients' normal life. Accurate diagnosis of ADHD as early as possible is very important for the treatment of patients in clinical applications. Some traditional classification methods, although having been shown powerful in many other classification tasks, are not as successful in the application of ADHD classification. In this paper, we propose two novel deep learning approaches for ADHD classification based on functional magnetic resonance imaging. The first method incorporates independent component analysis with convolutional neural network. It first extracts independent components from each subject. The independent components are then fed into a convolutional neural network as input features to classify the ADHD patient from typical controls. The second method, called the correlation autoencoder method, uses correlations between regions of interest of the brain as the input of an autoencoder to learn latent features, which are then used in the classification task by a new neural network. These two methods use different ways to extract the inter-voxel information from fMRI, but both use convolutional neural networks to further extract predictive features for the classification task. Empirical experiments show that both methods are able to outperform the classical methods such as logistic regression, support vector machines, and other methods used in previous studies.