Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
NIHR Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Behavioural Science and Evaluation at the University of Bristol, a partnership between the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
BMC Infect Dis. 2022 Apr 26;22(1):407. doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07380-9.
The aim of this work was to explore barriers and facilitators to uptake of COVID-19 vaccines and to explore views and reactions to efforts to improve vaccine uptake among vaccine hesitant individuals.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with people between the age of 18-29 years who had not had a COVID-19 vaccine, and those between 30 and 49 years who had not had a second dose of a COVID-19 vaccine.
A total of 70 participants took part in the study, 35 participants had received one dose, and 35 had not been vaccinated. Participants described a willingness to be vaccinated to keep themselves and those around them safe and to avoid restrictions. Barriers to uptake included: (1) perceived lack of need for COVID-19 vaccinations, (2) concerns about the efficacy of vaccinations, (3) concerns about safety, and (4) access issues. Uptake appeared to be influenced by age and health status, trust in government, and knowledge and understanding of science. Introduction of vaccine passes may provide a motive for having a vaccine but may be viewed as coercive.
Participants were hesitant, rather than opposed, and had questions about their need for, and the safety and efficacy of the vaccine. Young people did not consider themselves to be at risk of becoming ill from COVID-19, did not think the vaccination was effective in preventing transmission, and did not think sufficient research had been conducted regarding possible long-term side-effects. Concerns were exacerbated by a lack of trust in government, and misunderstanding of science. To promote uptake, public health campaigns should focus on the provision of information from trusted sources that explains the benefits of vaccination and addresses safety concerns more effectively. To overcome inertia in people with low levels of motivation to be vaccinated, appointments must be easily accessible.
本研究旨在探讨 COVID-19 疫苗接种的障碍和促进因素，并探讨改善犹豫接种者疫苗接种意愿的努力的看法和反应。
对 18-29 岁未接种 COVID-19 疫苗的人群和 30-49 岁未接种第二剂 COVID-19 疫苗的人群进行半结构化访谈。
共有 70 名参与者参加了研究，其中 35 名参与者接种了一剂，35 名参与者未接种。参与者表示愿意接种疫苗以保护自己和周围的人安全，并避免限制。接种的障碍包括：（1）认为不需要接种 COVID-19 疫苗，（2）对疫苗效果的担忧，（3）对安全性的担忧，（4）获取问题。接种似乎受到年龄和健康状况、对政府的信任以及对科学的知识和理解的影响。疫苗通行证的引入可能为接种疫苗提供动力，但可能被视为强制性的。
参与者犹豫不决，而不是反对，他们对自己接种疫苗的必要性、疫苗的安全性和有效性存在疑问。年轻人认为自己不会因 COVID-19 而患病，认为疫苗接种不能有效预防传播，并且认为关于可能的长期副作用的研究还不够充分。对政府的信任缺失和对科学的误解加剧了这种担忧。为了提高接种率，公共卫生宣传应重点从可信来源提供信息，解释接种疫苗的好处，并更有效地解决安全性问题。为了克服那些接种意愿低的人的惯性，预约必须方便易得。
