Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, 81481, Saudi Arabia.
Sci Rep. 2022 Apr 26;12(1):6792. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10729-4.
In this article, a novel shaped metamaterial sensor is presented for the recognition of various oils, fluids, and chemicals using microwave frequency. The performance of the designed sensor structure has been studied both theoretically and experimentally, and it works well. A new sample holder for convenient operation is created and located just behind the designed structure. The results of this study performed better than those of prior liquids sensing studies. Various designs were explored using the Genetic Algorithm (GA), and it is embedded in the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio, to optimize the optimal dimensions of the resonator. The suggested metamaterial sensor has a good-quality factor and sensitivity in both frequency shifting and amplitude changing. The resonance frequency shifted to 100 MHz between olive and corn oils, 70 MHz between sunflower and palm oils, 80 MHz between clean and waste brake fluids, and 90 MHz between benzene and carbon-tetrachloride chemicals. The quality factor of the sensor is 135, sensitivity is 0.56, and the figure of merit is 76 which expresses its efficient performance. Furthermore, the proposed sensor can sensitively distinguish different liquids by using the frequency shifting property. The study was carried out in three stages: dielectric constant (DK) measurement with the N1500A dielectric measurement kit, simulation of the structure, and experimental test study with the vector network analyzer. Since the recommended sensor has high sensitivity, good quality factor, and excellent performance, hence it can be used in chemical, oil, and microfluidic industries for detecting various liquid samples.
本文提出了一种新型形状的超材料传感器，可用于使用微波频率识别各种油、液体和化学品。设计的传感器结构的性能已经进行了理论和实验研究，并且效果良好。创建了一个新的样品架，以便于操作，并将其放置在设计结构的后面。这项研究的结果优于先前的液体感应研究。使用遗传算法 (GA) 探索了各种设计，并将其嵌入计算机模拟技术 (CST) 微波工作室中，以优化谐振器的最佳尺寸。所提出的超材料传感器在频率移动和幅度变化方面具有良好的品质因数和灵敏度。橄榄和玉米油之间的共振频率移至 100 MHz，葵花籽油和棕榈油之间的共振频率移至 70 MHz，清洁和废制动液之间的共振频率移至 80 MHz，苯和四氯化碳之间的共振频率移至 90 MHz。传感器的品质因数为 135，灵敏度为 0.56，优值为 76，这表明其性能高效。此外，该传感器可以通过使用频率移动特性灵敏地区分不同的液体。该研究分三个阶段进行：使用 N1500A 介电测量套件进行介电常数 (DK) 测量、结构模拟和矢量网络分析仪进行实验测试研究。由于推荐的传感器具有高灵敏度、良好的品质因数和卓越的性能，因此可用于化学、石油和微流控行业检测各种液体样品。
