Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Now with Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Apr 1;5(4):e229306. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.9306.
Green space can decelerate cognitive decline by supporting physical activity, psychological restoration, or reducing exposure to air pollution. However, existing studies on the association of green space with cognitive decline are limited.
To examine whether residential green space was associated with cognitive function in middle-aged women.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Starting in 1989, the Nurses' Health Study II enrolled 116 429 female nurses aged 25 to 42 years residing in the US. In 2014 to 2016, 40 082 women were invited to complete an online cognitive battery. This cohort study analyzed women who had data on both green space exposure and cognitive measures. Data analysis was conducted from June to October 2021.
Residential exposure to green space was assessed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, a satellite-derived indicator of the quantity of ground vegetation. Landsat satellite data at 270-m and 1230-m buffers around each participants' residential addresses in 2013 were used.
In 2014 to 2016, cognitive function was measured using a self-administered online battery, the Cogstate Brief Battery, consisting of 4 tasks measuring psychomotor speed, attention, learning, and working memory; 3 composite scores, averaging together all tasks, psychomotor speed/attention, and learning/working memory, were created. In addition, the study evaluated potential mediators, including air pollution, depression, and physical activity.
The analytical sample included 13 594 women, of whom 13 293 (98%) were White. Mean (SD) age was 61.2 (4.6) years. In models adjusted for age at assessment, race, childhood, adulthood, and neighborhood socioeconomic status, green space was associated with higher scores on the global Cogstate composite (mean difference per IQR in green space, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.07), and psychomotor speed/attention (mean difference in score, 0.05 standard units; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.08). This difference in scores is similar to the difference observed in women 1 year apart in age in the data. By contrast, there was no association between green space and learning/working memory (mean difference, 0.0300; 95% CI, -0.0003 to 0.0500).
These findings suggest that increasing residential green space may be associated with modest benefits in cognition in middle-aged women.
绿色空间可以通过支持身体活动、心理恢复或减少暴露于空气污染来减缓认知能力下降。然而，现有的关于绿色空间与认知能力下降之间关系的研究是有限的。
研究居住的绿色空间与中年女性的认知功能是否相关。
设计、地点和参与者：自 1989 年以来，护士健康研究 II 招募了 116429 名年龄在 25 至 42 岁之间、居住在美国的女性护士。2014 年至 2016 年，有 40082 名女性受邀完成在线认知测试。这项队列研究分析了同时有绿色空间暴露和认知测量数据的女性。数据分析于 2021 年 6 月至 10 月进行。
使用归一化植被指数（一种基于卫星的地面植被数量指标）来评估居住环境中绿色空间的暴露情况。使用了参与者在 2013 年居住地址周围 270 米和 1230 米缓冲区的 Landsat 卫星数据。
在 2014 年至 2016 年期间，使用自我管理的在线电池 Cogstate 简短电池来衡量认知功能，该电池由 4 项任务组成，测量心理运动速度、注意力、学习和工作记忆；创建了 3 个综合分数，将所有任务平均在一起，心理运动速度/注意力和学习/工作记忆。此外，该研究还评估了潜在的中介因素，包括空气污染、抑郁和身体活动。
分析样本包括 13594 名女性，其中 13293 名（98%）为白人。平均（SD）年龄为 61.2（4.6）岁。在调整评估时年龄、种族、儿童期、成年期和邻里社会经济地位的模型中，绿色空间与全球 Cogstate 综合评分（绿色空间每 IQR 的平均差异，0.05；95%CI，0.02 至 0.07）和心理运动速度/注意力（得分的平均差异为 0.05 个标准单位；95%CI，0.02 至 0.08）较高有关。这一分数差异与数据中年龄相差 1 岁的女性观察到的差异相似。相比之下，绿色空间与学习/工作记忆之间没有关联（平均差异，0.0300；95%CI，-0.0003 至 0.0500）。
这些发现表明，增加居住的绿色空间可能与中年女性认知能力的适度改善有关。
