Babat Sefer Özer, Çavuş İbrahim, Özbilgin Ahmet, Kayalar Hüsniye, Gündüz Cumhur, Ceylan Şirin Sahra, Girginkardeşler Nogay
Şırnak University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Şırnak, Turkey.
Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Parasitology, Manisa, Turkey.
Mikrobiyol Bul. 2022 Apr;56(2):339-348. doi: 10.5578/mb.20229812.
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that is caused by the protozoa of Leishmania genus. Leishmaniasis is endemic in tropical, subtropical, and large areas of the Mediterranean basin, and covers a total of 98 countries worldwide. It is estimated, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) data, that approximately 350 million people are at risk in these areas, and approximately 12 million people are infected. Increased drug resistance has been documented lately, in the treatment of leishmaniasis which causes almost 1.2 million new cases annually. Thus, interest in plant-derived active substances has increased in recent years, and new anti-leishmanial agents are investigated with in vitro studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-leishmanial effects of Prangos ferulacea and Ferula orientalis plant extracts collected from the rural areas of Şırnak province against Leishmania tropica. The water, chloroform, and ethanol extracts of the roots, stems, and fruits of P.ferulaceae and F.orientalis plants were obtained, and the cytotoxic activity tests of the extracts were performed. L.tropica isolate obtained from the Parasite Bank in Manisa Celal Bayar University in Turkey (MHOM/TR/2012/CBCL-LT) was grown on NNN and RPMI 1640 broth medium. The cytotoxicity of each extract on the L.tropica isolate was evaluated with the XTT test. Amphotericin B (AmpB) was used as the positive control, and the IC50 values were determined. The lowest IC50 values of the plant extracts were found to be as follows: P.ferulaceae root chloroform extract 36 µg/ml and fruit chloroform extract 20 µg/ml, F.orientalis root ethanol extract 2.5 µg/ml, and fruit ethanol extract 48 µg/ml, stem chloroform extract 24 µg/ml, and fruit chloroform extract 3.1 µg/ml. It was also determined in our study that only P.ferulaceae root ethanol extract showed cytotoxic activity on the WI-38 fetal lung fibroblast cell line at 65.19 µg/ml at 72 hours. This is the first study that assessed the anti-leishmanial activities of P.ferulaceae and F.orientalis plants that grow in high altitude areas of our country. It was determined that P.ferulaceae root ethanol extract and fruit chloroform extract had the lowest IC50 values among the 18 plant extracts that we examined for their anti-leishmanial activities. The outcomes of this study will be useful in further studies for the determination of active compounds in P.ferulaceae and F.orientalis plant extracts.
利什曼病是一种由利什曼原虫属原生动物引起的媒介传播疾病。利什曼病在热带、亚热带以及地中海盆地的大片地区流行，全球共有98个国家受其影响。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的数据估计，这些地区约有3.5亿人面临感染风险，约1200万人受到感染。最近有文献记载，在治疗利什曼病时耐药性有所增加，利什曼病每年导致近120万新病例。因此，近年来人们对植物源活性物质的兴趣增加，并且通过体外研究对新型抗利什曼病药物进行了调查。本研究的目的是调查从锡尔纳克省农村地区采集的费鲁拉草和东方阿魏植物提取物对热带利什曼原虫的抗利什曼病作用。获得了费鲁拉草和东方阿魏植物根、茎和果实的水提取物、氯仿提取物和乙醇提取物，并对提取物进行了细胞毒性活性测试。从土耳其马尼萨·杰拉尔·拜亚尔大学寄生虫库获得的热带利什曼原虫分离株（MHOM/TR/2012/CBCL-LT）在NNN和RPMI 1640肉汤培养基上培养。用XTT试验评估每种提取物对热带利什曼原虫分离株的细胞毒性。两性霉素B（AmpB）用作阳性对照，并测定IC50值。发现植物提取物的最低IC50值如下：费鲁拉草根氯仿提取物36μg/ml、果实氯仿提取物20μg/ml、东方阿魏根乙醇提取物2.5μg/ml、果实乙醇提取物48μg/ml、茎氯仿提取物24μg/ml、果实氯仿提取物3.1μg/ml。我们的研究还确定，只有费鲁拉草根乙醇提取物在72小时时对WI-38胎儿肺成纤维细胞系显示出细胞毒性活性，浓度为65.19μg/ml。这是第一项评估我国高海拔地区生长的费鲁拉草和东方阿魏植物抗利什曼病活性的研究。在我们检测抗利什曼病活性的18种植物提取物中，确定费鲁拉草根乙醇提取物和果实氯仿提取物的IC50值最低。本研究结果将有助于进一步研究确定费鲁拉草和东方阿魏植物提取物中的活性化合物。
