Mindus Claire, van Staaveren Nienke, Fuchs Dietmar, Gostner Johanna M, Kjaer Joergen B, Kunze Wolfgang, Mian M Firoz, Shoveller Anna K, Forsythe Paul, Harlander-Matauschek Alexandra
Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Biocenter, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Apr 11;9:855261. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.855261. eCollection 2022.
It is currently unclear whether potential probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria could affect behavioral problems in birds. To this end, we assessed whether a supplementation of JB-1 can reduce stress-induced severe feather pecking (SFP), feather damage and fearfulness in adult birds kept for egg laying. In parallel, we assessed SFP genotypic and phenotypic-related immune responses and aromatic amino acid status linked to neurotransmitter production. Social stress aggravated plumage damage, while treatment improved the birds' feather cover in non-stressed birds, but did not impact fearfulness. Our data demonstrate the significant impact of supplementation on the immune system. supplementation induced immunosuppressive regulatory T cells and cytotoxic T cells in both the cecal tonsils and the spleen. Birds exhibiting the SFP phenotype possessed lower levels of cecal tonsils regulatory T cells, splenic T helper cells and a lower TRP:(PHE+TYR). Together, these results suggest that bacteria may have beneficial effects on the avian immune response and may be useful therapeutic adjuncts to counteract SFP and plumage damage, thus increasing animal health and welfare.
目前尚不清楚诸如乳酸菌等潜在益生菌是否会影响鸟类的行为问题。为此，我们评估了补充JB-1是否能减少产蛋成年鸟类因应激引起的严重啄羽行为（SFP）、羽毛损伤和恐惧。同时，我们评估了与SFP基因型和表型相关的免疫反应以及与神经递质产生相关的芳香族氨基酸状态。社会应激加剧了羽毛损伤，而该处理改善了非应激鸟类的羽毛覆盖情况，但对恐惧没有影响。我们的数据证明了补充剂对免疫系统有显著影响。补充剂在盲肠扁桃体和脾脏中诱导了免疫抑制性调节性T细胞和细胞毒性T细胞。表现出SFP表型的鸟类盲肠扁桃体调节性T细胞、脾脏辅助性T细胞水平较低，且色氨酸：（苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸）较低。总之，这些结果表明细菌可能对鸟类免疫反应有有益影响，并且可能是对抗SFP和羽毛损伤的有用治疗辅助手段，从而提高动物健康和福利。
