Agudo Ujué, Arrese Miren, Liberal Karlos G, Matute Helena
Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
Laboratorio de intervención, Bikolabs/Biko, Pamplona, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2022 Apr 5;13:879088. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.879088. eCollection 2022.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is currently present in areas that were, until recently, reserved for humans, such as, for instance, art. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is not much empirical evidence on how people perceive the skills of AI in these domains. In Experiment 1, participants were exposed to AI-generated audiovisual artwork and were asked to evaluate it. We told half of the participants that the artist was a human and we confessed to the other half that it was an AI. Although all of them were exposed to the same artwork, the results showed that people attributed lower sensitivity, lower ability to evoke their emotions, and lower quality to the artwork when they thought the artist was AI as compared to when they believed the artist was human. Experiment 2 reproduced these results and extended them to a slightly different setting, a different piece of (exclusively auditory) artwork, and added some additional measures. The results show that the evaluation of art seems to be modulated, at least in part, by prior stereotypes and biases about the creative skills of AI. The data and materials for these experiments are freely available at the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/3r7xg/. Experiment 2 was preregistered at AsPredicted: https://aspredicted.org/fh2u2.pdf.
人工智能（AI）目前已涉足一些直到最近还只有人类才能从事的领域，比如艺术。然而，就我们所知，关于人们如何看待人工智能在这些领域的技能，并没有太多实证证据。在实验1中，参与者观看了人工智能生成的视听艺术作品，并被要求对其进行评价。我们告知一半参与者该作品的创作者是人类，而向另一半参与者坦白创作者是人工智能。尽管他们观看的是同一部艺术作品，但结果显示，与认为创作者是人类时相比，当人们认为创作者是人工智能时，他们认为该作品的敏感度更低、唤起情感的能力更低、质量也更低。实验2重现了这些结果，并将其扩展到稍有不同的情境、另一件（纯听觉的）艺术作品上，还增加了一些其他的测量指标。结果表明，至少在一定程度上，对艺术的评价似乎受到了关于人工智能创作技能的先入为主的刻板印象和偏见的影响。这些实验的数据和材料可在开放科学框架（Open Science Framework）上免费获取：https://osf.io/3r7xg/ 。实验2已在AsPredicted上进行了预注册：https://aspredicted.org/fh2u2.pdf 。
