Loughnan Stephen, Haslam Nick
University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Psychol Sci. 2007 Feb;18(2):116-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01858.x.
People commonly ascribe lesser humanness to others than to themselves. Two senses of humanness appear to be involved: attributes that are unique to humans and those that constitute essential "human nature." Denying uniquely human and human-nature attributes to other people may implicitly liken them to animals and automata, respectively. In the present study, the go/no-go association task was used to assess implicit associations among social categories exemplifying the two senses of humanness, traits representing these senses, and the two types of nonhumans. Congruent associations (among artists, human-nature traits, and animals; among businesspeople, uniquely human traits, and automata) were consistently stronger than incongruent associations. Explicit ratings supported these differential associations. Social perception may involve two subtle ways of dehumanizing others.
人们通常认为他人比自己更缺乏人性。似乎涉及到两种人性观念：人类独有的属性和构成基本“人性”的属性。否认他人具有人类独有的属性和人性属性，可能会分别含蓄地将他们比作动物和自动机器。在本研究中，采用了停止/继续联想任务来评估体现这两种人性观念的社会类别、代表这些观念的特质以及两种非人类类型之间的内隐联想。一致的联想（艺术家、人性特质和动物之间；商人、人类独有的特质和自动机器之间）始终比不一致的联想更强。明确的评分支持了这些差异联想。社会认知可能涉及两种微妙的将他人非人化的方式。
