Azeem Iqra, El Yaagoubi Marwa, Sousa Ana M L, Li Tai-De, Yameen Basit, Lau King Hang Aaron
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) Lahore 54792 Pakistan
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK.
RSC Adv. 2021 Sep 10;11(48):30353-30360. doi: 10.1039/d1ra04645d. eCollection 2021 Sep 6.
Development of low cost biosensing using convenient and environmentally benign materials is important for wide adoption and ultimately improved healthcare and sustainable development. Immobilized antibodies are often incorporated as an essential biorecognition element in point-of-care biosensors but these proteins are costly. We present a strategy of combining convenient and low-cost surface functionalization approaches for increasing the overall binding activity of antibody functionalized natural and synthetic fibers. We demonstrate a simple one-step silica NP growth protocol for increasing the surface area available for functionalization on cotton and polyester fabrics as well as on nanoporous cellulose substrates. Comparing this effect with the widely adopted and low cost plant-based polyphenol coating to enhance antibody immobilization, we find that both approaches can similarly increase overall surface activity, and we illustrate conditions under which the two approaches can produce an additive effect. Furthermore, we introduce co-immobilization of antibodies with a sacrificial "steric helper" protein for further enhancing surface activities. In combination, several hundred percent higher activities compared to physical adsorption can be achieved while maintaining a low amount of antibodies used, thus paving a practical path towards low cost biosensing.
使用方便且环境友好的材料开发低成本生物传感对于广泛应用以及最终改善医疗保健和可持续发展至关重要。固定化抗体通常作为即时护理生物传感器中的关键生物识别元件，但这些蛋白质成本高昂。我们提出了一种将方便且低成本的表面功能化方法相结合的策略，以提高抗体功能化天然和合成纤维的整体结合活性。我们展示了一种简单的一步法二氧化硅纳米颗粒生长方案，用于增加棉、聚酯织物以及纳米多孔纤维素基材上可用于功能化的表面积。将这种效果与广泛采用的低成本植物基多酚涂层增强抗体固定化的效果进行比较，我们发现这两种方法都能类似地提高整体表面活性，并且我们说明了两种方法可以产生相加效应的条件。此外，我们引入了抗体与牺牲性“空间辅助”蛋白的共固定化，以进一步提高表面活性。综合起来，与物理吸附相比，可以在使用少量抗体的情况下实现数百%的更高活性，从而为低成本生物传感铺平了一条实用的道路。
