Mesbah Noha M
Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022 Apr 5;10:870083. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.870083. eCollection 2022.
Biocatalysis is crucial for a green, sustainable, biobased economy, and this has driven major advances in biotechnology and biocatalysis over the past 2 decades. There are numerous benefits to biocatalysis, including increased selectivity and specificity, reduced operating costs and lower toxicity, all of which result in lower environmental impact of industrial processes. Most enzymes available commercially are active and stable under a narrow range of conditions, and quickly lose activity at extremes of ion concentration, temperature, pH, pressure, and solvent concentrations. Extremophilic microorganisms thrive under extreme conditions and produce robust enzymes with higher activity and stability under unconventional circumstances. The number of extremophilic enzymes, or extremozymes, currently available are insufficient to meet growing industrial demand. This is in part due to difficulty in cultivation of extremophiles in a laboratory setting. This review will present an overview of extremozymes and their biotechnological applications. Culture-independent and genomic-based methods for study of extremozymes will be presented.
生物催化对于绿色、可持续的生物基经济至关重要，这推动了过去20年生物技术和生物催化领域的重大进展。生物催化有诸多益处，包括提高选择性和特异性、降低运营成本以及降低毒性，所有这些都降低了工业过程对环境的影响。大多数商业可得的酶在狭窄的条件范围内具有活性和稳定性，并且在离子浓度、温度、pH值、压力和溶剂浓度的极端条件下会迅速失去活性。嗜极微生物在极端条件下茁壮成长，并在非常规环境中产生具有更高活性和稳定性的强大酶。目前可得的嗜极酶数量不足以满足不断增长的工业需求。这部分是由于在实验室环境中培养嗜极微生物存在困难。本综述将概述嗜极酶及其生物技术应用。还将介绍用于研究嗜极酶的非培养和基于基因组的方法。
