State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China.
Gut Microbes. 2022 Jan-Dec;14(1):2068367. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2068367.
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are consistently present in the human colon in free forms and as part of proteoglycans. Their utilization is critical for the colonization and proliferation of gut bacteria and also the health of hosts. Hence, it is essential to determine the GAG-degrading members of the gut bacteria and their enzymatic machinery for GAG depolymerization. In this review, we have summarized the reported GAG utilizers from and presented their polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) and related enzymatic machineries for the degradation of chondroitin and heparin/heparan sulfate. Although similar comprehensive knowledge of GAG degradation is not available for other gut phyla, we have specified recently isolated GAG degraders from gut Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and analyzed their genomes for the presence of putative GAG PULs. Deciphering the precise GAG utilization mechanism for various phyla will augment our understanding of their effects on human health.
糖胺聚糖（GAGs）以游离形式和作为蛋白聚糖的一部分存在于人类结肠中。它们的利用对肠道细菌的定植和增殖以及宿主的健康至关重要。因此，确定肠道细菌中 GAG 降解成员及其 GAG 解聚的酶机制是必不可少的。在这篇综述中，我们总结了报道的肠道 GAG 利用者，并介绍了它们用于降解硫酸软骨素和肝素/硫酸乙酰肝素的多糖利用基因座（PUL）和相关酶机制。尽管对于其他肠道门，我们没有类似的关于 GAG 降解的全面知识，但我们已经指定了最近从肠道厚壁菌门和变形菌门中分离出来的 GAG 降解菌，并分析了它们的基因组中是否存在潜在的 GAG PUL。破译不同门类的 GAG 利用机制将增强我们对它们对人类健康影响的理解。
