Jochimsen P R, Lawton R L, VerSteeg K, Noyes R
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1978 Aug;24(2):223-7. doi: 10.1002/cpt1978242223.
In a double-blind, 5-way crossover designed study, single doses of placebo, 2 doses of codeine sulfate (60 and 120 mg), and 2 doses of benzopyranoperidine (2 and 4 mg) were administered orally to 35 patients who required analgesics for chronic pain due to malignancies. Benzopyranopyridine is an analogue of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and was chosen on the basis of its sedative, hypnotic, and analgesic properties in animals. Pain relief scores indicated a degree of relief of clinical significance with 120 mg of codeine but no consistent difference between placebo and any other active agent. On the basis of the data, bezopyranoperidine (2 or 4 mg) is not as effective as codeine (120 mg or 60 mg) and not more effective than placebo in relieving pain due to cancer; indeed, pain perception appeared to be augmented by both doses.
在一项采用双盲、5种药物交叉设计的研究中，对35名因恶性肿瘤导致慢性疼痛而需要镇痛药的患者口服单剂量安慰剂、2种剂量的硫酸可待因（60毫克和120毫克）以及2种剂量的苯并吡喃哌啶（2毫克和4毫克）。苯并吡喃哌啶是Δ-9-四氢大麻酚的类似物，因其在动物身上具有镇静、催眠和镇痛特性而被选用。疼痛缓解评分显示，120毫克可待因有一定程度的具有临床意义的缓解，但安慰剂与其他任何活性剂之间没有一致差异。根据这些数据，苯并吡喃哌啶（2毫克或4毫克）在缓解癌症疼痛方面不如可待因（120毫克或60毫克）有效，也不比安慰剂更有效；实际上，两种剂量的苯并吡喃哌啶似乎都增强了疼痛感知。
