College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
Sci Rep. 2022 Apr 28;12(1):6952. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10819-3.
Climate change exhibits great variation on different flanks and at different elevations in the same mountain range. To investigate the complexity of the geographic patterns of climate and phenology in the Qinling-Daba mountains (QDM), in the North-South transition zone of China, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of daily air temperature and precipitation data measured at 118 national weather stations (1969-2018). The principal findings were as follows. (1) Overall, a significant trend of warming was detected in all seasons over the past 50 years, with rates of increase of 0.347, 0.125, 0.200 and 0.302 °C/10a, in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. Precipitation did not show significant variation at most stations in different seasons. (2) The rising rate of air temperature varied considerably between different flanks. Generally, air temperature change on northern flanks was greater than on southern flanks in all seasons. The tendency of air temperature change was greater in spring and winter than in summer and autumn on different flanks in the QDM. (3) The rate of increase in high-elevation regions was greater than in low-elevation regions in summer, autumn and winter, e.g., 0.440, 0.390 and 0.456 °C/10a at 3000-4000 m and 0.205, 0.218 and 0.303 °C/10a at 0-1000 m, respectively. However, in spring, the rate of increase in low-elevation regions were higher than in high-elevation regions, e.g., 0.369 °C/10a at 0-1000 m and 0.317 °C/10a at 3000-4000 m.
气候变化在同一山脉的不同侧和不同海拔高度表现出很大的差异。为了研究中国南北过渡带秦岭-大巴山（QDM）气候和物候地理格局的复杂性，本研究分析了 118 个国家气象站（1969-2018 年）逐日气温和降水数据的时空分布特征。主要发现如下。（1）总体而言，过去 50 年所有季节都检测到明显的变暖趋势，春、夏、秋、冬的升温率分别为 0.347、0.125、0.200 和 0.302°C/10a。大多数季节大多数站的降水没有明显变化。（2）不同侧的气温上升率差异很大。一般来说，北部侧各季节的气温变化大于南部侧。QDM 不同侧的春、冬两季气温变化趋势大于夏、秋两季。（3）夏季、秋季和冬季高海拔地区的增温率大于低海拔地区，例如，3000-4000m 处为 0.440、0.390 和 0.456°C/10a，0-1000m 处为 0.205、0.218 和 0.303°C/10a。然而，在春季，低海拔地区的增长率高于高海拔地区，例如，0-1000m 处为 0.369°C/10a，3000-4000m 处为 0.317°C/10a。
