Seyedahmadi Mohammad, Minoonejad Hooman, Karimizadeh Ardakani Mohammad, Heidari Zahra, Bayattork Mohammad, Akbari Hadi
Department of Sport Sciences, Velayat University, Iranshahr, Iran.
Department of Health and Sport Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2022 Apr 28;14(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s13102-022-00469-3.
Gender differences in muscle activity during landing have been proposed as a possible contributing factor to the greater incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in women. Conflicting results among a few studies in this regard makes it impossible to reach correct conclusions.
The aim of this study was systematic review and the meta-analysis of previous studies which have compared the electromyographic activity of lower limb muscles in gluteus muscles (maximus and medius), quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus medialis and lateralis), hamstrings (biceps femoris and semimembranosus), and gastrocnemius in men and women in jump-landing task.
A systematic search of the PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct databases was performed for eligible articles in October 2020. Cross-sectional studies that compared the muscle activity of male and female athletes without a history of previous injury in the jump-landing task were included. Unisex and non-athlete's studies were extracted from the included studies. The data were synthesized using a fixed and random effects model.
Eight studies involving 145 participants were included. All participants were people who participated in regular exercises. The meta-analysis of timing and muscle activity was performed in the feedforward (pre contact) and feedback (post contact) stages. There were no significant differences in the muscle activity of biceps femoris (MD = -12.01; 95% CI - 51.49 to 27.47; p = 0.55; I = 87%), vastus medialis (MD = -53.46; 95% CI - 129.73 to 22.81; p = 0.17; I = 91%), semimembranosus (MD = 1.81; 95% CI - 6.44 to 10.07; p = 0.67; I = 0%), gluteus medius (MD = -3.14; 95% CI - 14.24 to 7.96; p = 0.58; I = 48%), and rectus femoris (MD = -5.83; 95% CI - 14.57 to 2.92; p = 0.19; I = 87%) in the pre contact phase between two sexes. There was a significant difference between men and women in the activity of vastus lateralis muscle in the post contact phase (MD = -34.90; 95% CI - 48.23 to - 21.57). No significant difference was observed between the men and women in the timing of semimembranosus (MD = 23.53; 95% CI - 14.49 to 61.54; p = 0.23; I = 56%) and biceps femoris muscle activity (MD = -46.84; 95% CI - 97.50 to 3.83; p = 0.07; I = 82%).
The results showed that in all lower limb muscles except vastus lateralis there were no significant differences between muscle activity and muscle contraction timing in both sexes before and after foot contact. Therefore, it can be concluded that the reason for the greater susceptibility of ACL injuries in women than men is maybe related to other factors such as biomechanical and hormonal. Additional good quality research in this regard is required to strengthen these conclusions.
着陆时肌肉活动的性别差异被认为可能是女性前交叉韧带损伤发生率较高的一个促成因素。这方面的一些研究结果相互矛盾，无法得出正确结论。
本研究的目的是对以往比较男女在跳跃着陆任务中臀肌（臀大肌和臀中肌）、股四头肌（股直肌、股内侧肌和股外侧肌）、腘绳肌（股二头肌和半膜肌）和腓肠肌下肢肌肉肌电图活动的研究进行系统评价和荟萃分析。
2020年10月对PubMed、SCOPUS、Science Direct数据库进行系统检索，以查找符合条件的文章。纳入比较无既往损伤史的男女运动员在跳跃着陆任务中肌肉活动的横断面研究。从纳入的研究中提取不分性别的和非运动员的研究。使用固定效应模型和随机效应模型对数据进行综合分析。
纳入8项研究，共145名参与者。所有参与者均为定期锻炼者。在前馈（接触前）和反馈（接触后）阶段对时间和肌肉活动进行荟萃分析。两性在接触前阶段股二头肌（MD=-12.01；95%CI -51.49至27.47；p=0.55；I=87%）、股内侧肌（MD=-53.46；95%CI -129.73至22.81；p= .17；I=91%）、半膜肌（MD=1.81；95%CI -6.44至10.07；p=0.67；I=0%）、臀中肌（MD=-3.14；95%CI -14.24至7.96；p=0.58；I=48%）和股直肌（MD=-5.83；95%CI -14.57至2.92；p=0.19；I=87%）的肌肉活动无显著差异。两性在接触后阶段股外侧肌的活动存在显著差异（MD=-34.90；95%CI -48.23至-21.57）。两性在半膜肌（MD=23.53；95%CI -14.49至61.54；p=0.23；I=56%）和股二头肌肌肉活动时间（MD=-46.84；95%CI -97.50至3.83；p=0.07；I=82%）上未观察到显著差异。
结果表明，除股外侧肌外，两性在足部接触前后的肌肉活动和肌肉收缩时间均无显著差异。因此，可以得出结论，女性比男性更容易发生前交叉韧带损伤的原因可能与生物力学和激素等其他因素有关。需要在这方面进行更多高质量的研究来强化这些结论。
